Chapter 1 Networking Introduction and Standards
Computer Hardware Basics
Bits and Bytes
Major Computer Systems
Workstations, Servers, Hosts, and Nodes
Workstations
Servers
Hosts and Nodes
Peer-to-Peer vs. Server-Based Networks
Servers
LANs, WANs, MANs, Networks, and Internetworks
Communications Media
Industry Standards
802 Standards
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
OSI Reference Model
Reasons to Use a Layered Model
The Seven-Layer Overview
Data Encapsulation
Summary
Practice Questions
Questions 23
Answers 25
Chapter 2適OSI Model-Layer 1
Physical Layer: Layer 1
Electricity and Electronics
Signaling
Threats to Signaling
Communications Media
Collisions and Collision Domains
Layer 1 Components and Devices
Summary
Practice Questions
Questions
Answers
Chapter 3適Topology and Access Methods
Topology Options
Physical vs. Logical Topology
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Star-Bus Topology
Extended Star Topology
Tree Topology
Ring Topology
Dual-Ring Topology
Mesh or Matrix Topology
Cellular Topology
Hierarchical Network Model
Access Methods
Ethernet
Xerox誷 PARC Facility
Token Ring
FDDI
Broadcasts and Collisions
Broadcasts
Collisions
Summary
Practice Questions
Questions
Answers
Chapter 4適OSI Model-Layer 2
Data Link Layer: Layer 2
Network Interface Card
Exercise: Downloading Drivers 88
Media Access Control 94
Logical Link Control 98
Layer 2 Devices 99
Network Interface Card 100
Bridges 100
LAN Switches 105
Summary 111
Chapter Review 111
Case Study: The Elm Park Elementary School 111
Practice Questions 116
Questions 116
Answers 118
Chapter 5適OSI Model-Layer 3 119
Network Layer: Layer 3 120
Names and Addresses 120
Routing Data 125
Routable vs. Nonroutable Protocols 128
Routable vs. Routing Protocols 128
Network Protocols 128
IP Addressing Basics 137
Layer 3 Devices 140
TCP/IP Acronyms 141
Optional Exercises 143
Address Exercise 143
Basic Connectivity Exercise 147
ARP Exercise 150
Network Configuration Exercise 151
Summary 156
Case Study: The Elm Park Elementary School 156
Case Study Suggested Solution 158
Practice Questions 158
Questions 158
Answers 160
Chapter 6適OSI Model-Layer 4 161
Transport Layer: Layer 4 162
Connection-Oriented vs. Connectionless Protocols 162
Error Recovery (Reliability) 163
Flow Control 164
Layer 4 Protocols 165
Port Numbers 167
TCP Connection Establishment and Termination 168
Summary 171
Practice Questions 172
Questions 172
Answers 173
Chapter 7適OSI Model-Layers 5, 6, and 7 175
Session Layer: Layer 5 176
Session Establishment, Termination, and Reestablishment 177
Dialogue Control 177
Dialogue Separation 177
Layer 5 Protocols 178
Presentation Layer: Layer 6 179
Data Formatting 179
Data Compression 182
Data Encryption 184
Format Exercise 184
Application Layer: Layer 7 185
Network Applications 186
Standalone Applications 186
Application Layer Example 186
Hyperlinks Exercise 193
HOSTS Exercise 193
Summary 196
Practice Questions 197
Questions 197
Answers 199
Chapter 8適Servers and Network Operating Systems 201
Network Operating Systems 202
Peer-to-Peer Network or Server-Based Network 202
NOS Choices 204
Server Services 208
Network Security 212
Network Security Policies 212
Written Company Network Security Policies 213
User Accounts 214
Groups 215
User Profiles 217
User Policies 218
Server Hardware 218
Performance Monitor 219
Fault Tolerance 221
Redundancy 222
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) 222
Back-Up Operations 224
Uninterruptible Power Supply 225
Power Conditioning 226
Disaster Recovery Plan 226
Anti-Virus Protection 227
Summary 227
Chapter 9適IP Addressing and Subnetting 229
Understanding the Numbers 230
Decimal Values 230
Binary to Decimal 233
Decimal to Binary 235
Working with the Table Relationships 236
Hexadecimal to Decimal 237
Decimal to Hexadecimal 238
Hexadecimal and Binary Numbers 239
IP Classful Addressing 240
Network/Host Relationships 241
Class Default Routing Masks 242
Private Addresses 244
Determining the Number of Hosts 244
Determining the Number of Classful Networks 245
Things to Remember About Classful Addresses 246
IP Classful Subnets 249
Simple Solutions 250
Not-So-Simple Solutions 251
What About Valid Subnets? 255
Number of Hosts per Subnet 256
Determining a Subnet Address 260
Summarize Classful Subnetting 262
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 263
CIDR as Part of the Solution 264
Prefix Notation 265
Supernetting 265
Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) 267
Why Use Variable-Length Subnet Masks 267
Network Address Translation (NAT) 268
Using the Windows Calculator 270
Using an IP Calculator 271
RFC Search 274
Summary 277
Case Study: Tri-City Medical Group 277
Practice Questions 280
Questions 280
Answers 281
Chapter 10適LAN Design 283
LAN Design 284
Design Goals 285
Network Scalability Requirements 285
Hierarchical Network Model 288
LAN Design Issues 290
Gathering and Analyzing Requirements 295
Customer Requirements 296
Document the Current Network 298
Analyze Information 298
Determining the Network Design 298
Layer 1: Physical Layer 299
Layer 2: Data Link Layer 304
Layer 3: Network Layer 308
Logical and Physical Network Maps 309
Summary 309
Practice Questions 310
Questions 310
Answers 311
Chapter 11適Elements of Routing 313
Routing Fundamentals 314
How Addresses Represent Network Paths 314
Routing Requirements 317
Expert Discussion 318
Routing Methods 318
Dynamic Routing 319
Static Routing 322
Default Routing 325
Routing Protocol Fundamentals 326
Distance-Vector Protocols 326
Link-State Protocols 337
Summary of Distance-Vector and Link-State Protocols 340
Hybrid Routing Protocols 340
Interior vs. Exterior Routing Protocols 341
Concluding with the Switching Process 342
Summary 344
Case Study: Xaliphor Advertising 345
Xaliphor Advertising袮nalysis Worksheet 346
Xaliphor Advertising袮nalysis Solutions 346
Practice Questions 347
Questions 347
Answers 350
Chapter 12適Router Basics and Router Setup 353
Cisco Router Models 354
Router Interfaces 355
Three Levels of Router Implementation 359
Expert Discussion 360
Hardware Basics 365
Cisco IOS 368
What You Need for Hands-On Experience 371
Exploring a Router 375
Console Cable 375
Setting Up a HyperTerminal Session 377
HyperTerminal Exercise 377
Command-Line Interface (CLI) 379
User and Privilege EXEC Modes 380
Configuration Modes 381
Router Help Feature 382
Using tab to Complete a Word 383
IOS Command History 383
IOS Editing Commands 385
Show Commands 385
Basics Exercise 385
Capturing the Configuration Exercise 392
Cisco Router Setup Feature 394
Setting Up Global Parameters 395
Sample Setup Session 395
Summary 396
Practice Questions 397
Questions 397
Answers 399
Chapter 13適Router Configuration 401
Router Configuration 401
Erasing or Clearing the Router Configuration 403
Configuring the Interfaces 408
Enabling IP Routing 419
Passwords and Router Security 447
Device Names and Name Resolution 451
Descriptions, Messages, and a Start File 457
Cisco IOS 460
Router Password Recovery 472
ConfigMaker 473
Using a Web Browser 475
Summary 477
Practice Questions 477
Questions 477
Answers 481
Chapter 14適Novell NetWare 483
Novell IPX/SPX Protocol Suite 484
IPX Addressing 485
Encapsulation Methods 486
Configuring a Workstation 488
Configuring a Router 492
IPX Routing 500
Connectivity 506
IPX SAP and GNS 508
Summary 509
Practice Questions 510
Questions 510
Answers 512
Chapter 15適Access Control Lists袽anaging Network Traffic and Resources 513
Access Control Lists (ACLs) 514
Why Use ACLs 514
ACLs and Network Protocols 515
Access List Basics 515
IP Access Lists 521
IPX Access Lists 544
ACLs and Firewall Routers 549
Summary 551
Practice Questions 551
Questions 551
Answers 559
Chapter 16適LAN Switching 561
Legacy Ethernet 562
LAN Switching Fundamentals 563
Layer 2, Layer 3, and Upper-Layer Switching 564
LAN Switching Advantages 565
Virtual Local Area Networks 574
The Practical Side to VLANs 576
VLAN Implementation Methods 576
VLAN Communication 577
VLAN Benefits 578
Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol 582
Summary 584
Case Study: Atlantis College 584
Design Worksheet for Atlantis College 586
Case Study-Suggested Solutions 586
Practice Questions 587
Questions 587
Answers 589
Chapter 17適Introduction to Wide Area Networks 591
WAN Overview 592
Terminology 593
WAN Devices 594
WAN Connectivity Approaches 596
WANs at the Physical Layer 599
WANs at the Data Link Layer 599
HDLC 600
Expert Discussion 600
PPP 602
LAPB 602
Frame Relay 603
ISDN 604
Summary 606
Case Study: Tuvix IT Solutions 607
Practice Questions 609
Questions 610
Answers 614
Chapter 18適PPP 615
PPP Overview 616
PPP and the OSI Model 616
PPP Framing 617
PPP Stages of Operation 618
Link Establishment and Configuration Negotiation 619
Link-Quality Determination 620
Authentication 620
Network Layer Protocol Configuration Negotiation 620
Transmission and Link Termination 620
PPP Link Authentication 620
PAP 621
CHAP 622
Expert Discussion 622
Basic PPP Configuration 625
PPP Encapsulation Configuration 625
PAP Configuration 625
CHAP Configuration 625
Verifying PPP 626
Summary 626
Case Study: Deus Institute 627
Configuration Worksheet for the Deus Institute 628
Case Study-Suggested Solutions 628
Practice Questions 629
Questions 629
Answers 630
Chapter 19適ISDN 631
ISDN Elements 631
ISDN Services 632
ISDN Components 634
ISDN Call Setup 634
ISDN Reference Points 636
ISDN Solutions 637
ISDN Remote Connectivity Methods 638
ISDN Protocols 639
Physical Layer ISDN Protocols 640
ISDN at the Data Link Layer 640
ISDN at the Network Layer 641
DDR Overview 641
ISDN BRI Configuration 642
Setting the ISDN Switch Type 642
Setting the SPID 642
Setting the Encapsulation Protocol 644
DDR Configuration 644
Defining Interesting Traffic 644
Specifying Static Routes 645
Configuring Dialer Instructions 646
Example BRI DDR configuration 647
Verifying and Troubleshooting ISDN and DDR 648
Summary 648
Case Study: Remote Connectivity with ISDN and DDR 648
Configuration Worksheet for Remote Office Router 649
Case Study-Suggested Solutions 649
Practice Questions 650
Questions 650
Answers 653
Chapter 20適Frame Relay 655
Frame Relay Elements 656
Expert Discussion 656
DLCI 658
Frame Relay Frame Format 659
LMI 659
Inverse ARP 662
Swapping the DLCI 664
Frame Relay Switching Table 664
Frame Relay Traffic Control 665
Frame Relay Topologies 667
Reachability Issues with Frame Relay 669
Subinterface Types 671
Frame Relay Configuration 675
Enabling Frame Relay Encapsulation 675
Specifying the LMI type 675
Configuring the Link Bandwidth 675
Enabling Inverse ARP 676
Configuring a Static Map 676
Configuring Subinterfaces 676
Steps to Configuring Subinterfaces 677
Subinterface Configuration Examples 678
Monitoring, Verifying, and Troubleshooting Frame Relay 683
The show interfaces serial Command 683
The show frame-relay lmi Command 684
The show frame-relay pvc Command 685
The show frame-relay map Command 685
The debug frame-relay Command 686
Summary 686
Case Study: Zahandra Communications 687
Practice Questions 690
Questions 690
Answers 691
Chapter 21適Evolving Internet Connectivity 693
Cable Modems 693
Cisco Cable Devices 695
Always-On Technology 696
How Cable Connections Work 696
Internet Service on Cable 698
Shared Bandwidth Concerns 699
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 699
How DSL Works 700
Different Flavors of DSL Service 700
Always-On Technology 703
Wireless Network Access 704
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) 704
Multi-Channel Multipoint Distribution Services (MMDS) 705
Local Multipoint Distribution Services 706
Ricochet 707
Network Architecture 707
Wireless Local Area Networking 707
Wireless LAN standard 708
Security 708
Summary 708
Chapter 22適WAN Design 711
WAN Design Considerations 712
Network Scalability Requirements 713
LAN/WAN Integration 715
WAN Design Issues 717
WAN Design Requirements 717
Customer Requirements 719
Gathering Information 721
Analyzing Information 721
Hierarchical Network Model 721
WAN Options 725
Selecting the Router 728
Summary 728
Practice Questions 729
Questions 729
Answers 730
Appendix A適Router Configurations 731
Glossary 745
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