Contents CHAPTER 1 A NONLINEAR HISTORY OF RADIO 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maxwell and Hertz 1.3 Pre--Vacuum Tube Electronics 1.4 Birth of the Vacuum Tube 1.5 Armstrong and the Regenerative Amp1ifier/Detector/Oscillator 1.6 Other Radio Circuits 1.7 Armstrong and the Superregenerator 1.8 Oleg Losev and the First Solid--State Amplifier 1.9 Epilog 1.10 Appendix: A Vacuum Tube Primer CHAPTER2 CHARACTERISTICS OF PASSIVE IC COMPONENTS 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Resistors 2.3 Capacitors 2.4 Inductors 2.5 Summary 2.6 Appendix: Summary of Capacitance Equations Problem Set CHAPTER 3 A REVIEW OF MOS DEVICE PHYSICS 3.1 Introduction 3.2 A Little History 3.3 FETs: The Short Story 3.4 MOSFET Physics: The Long--Channel Approximation 3.5 Operation in Weak Inversion SubthTesho1d 3.6 MOS Device Physics in the Short--Channel Regime 3.7 Other Effects 3.8 Transit Time Effects 3.9 Summary 3.10 Appendix: 0.5 -um level--3 SPICE Models Problem Set CHAPTER 4 PASSIVE RLCNETWORKS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Parallel RLC Tank 4.3 Series RLC Networks 4.4 Other resonant RLC networks 4.5 RLC Networks as Impedance Transformers 4.6 Examples Problem Set CHAPTER 5 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Link Between Lumped and Distributed Regimes 5.3 Driving--Point Impedance of Iterated Structures 5.4 Transmission Lines in More Detail 5.5 Behavior of Finite-Length Transmission Lines 5.6 Summary Of Transmission-Line Equations 5.7 Artificial Lines 5.8 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 6 THE SMITH CHART AND S-PARAMETERS 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Smith Chart 6.3 S-Parameters 6.4 Appendix: A Short Note on Units 6.5 Appendix: Why 50 or 75 Problem Set CHAPTER 7 BANDWIDTH ESTIMATION TECHNlQUES 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Method of Open-Circuit Time Constants 7.3 The Method of Short-Circuit Time Constants 7.4 Further Reading 7.5 Risetime, Delay, and Bandwidth 7.6 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 8 HIGH-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER DESIGN 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Zeros as Bandwidth Enhancers 8.3 The Shunt-Series Amplifier 8.4 Bandwidth Enhancement with IT Doublers 8.5 Tuned Amplifiers 8.6 Neutralization and Unilateralization 8.7 Cascaded Amplifiers 8.8 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 9 VOLTAGE REFERENCES AND BIASING 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Review Of Diode Behavior 9.3 Diodes and Bipolar Transistors in CMOS Technology 9.4 Supply-Independent Bias Circuits 9.5 Bandgap Voltage Reference 9.6 Constant-g Bias 9.7 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 10 NOISE 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Thermal Noise 10.4 Flicker Noise 10.6 Classical Two-Port Noise Theory 10.7 Examples of Noise Calculations 10.8 A Handy Rule Of Thumb 10.9 Typical Noise Performance 10.10 Appendix: Noise Models Problem Set CHAPTER 11 LNA DESIGN 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Derivation of MOSFET Two-Port Noise Parameters 11.3 LNA Topologies: Power Match versus Noise Match 11.4 Power-Constrained Noise Optimization 11.5 Design Examples 11.6 Linearity and Large-Signal Performance 11.7 Spurious-Free Dynamic Range 11.8 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 12 MIXERS 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Mixer Fundamentals 12.3 Nonlinear Systems as Linear Mixers 12.4 Multiplier Based Mixers 12.5 Subsampling Mixers 12.6 Appendix: Diode-Ring Mixers Problem Set CHAPTER 13 RF POWER AMPLIFIERS 13.1 Introduction 13.2 General Considerations 13.3 Class A, AB, B, and C Power Amplifiers 13.4 Class D Amplifiers 13.5 Class E Amplifiers 13.6 Class F Amplifiers 13.7 Modulation of Power Amplifiers 13.8 Summary of PA Characteristics 13.9 RF PA Design Examples 13.10 Additional Design Considerations 13.11 Design Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 14 FEEDBACK SYSTEMS 14.1 Introduction 14.2 A Brief History of Modem Feedback 14.3 A Puzzle 14.4 Desensitivity of Negative Feedback Systems 14.5 Stability of Feedback Systems 14.6 Gain and Phase Margin as Stability Measures 14.7 Root-Locus Techniques 14.8 Summary of Stability Criteria 14.9 Modeling Feedback Systems 14.10 Errors in Feedback Systems 14.11 Frequency- and Time-Domain Characteristics of First- and Second-Order Systems 14.12 Useful Rules of Thumb 14.13 Root-Locus Examples and Compensation 14.14 Summary of Root-Locus Techniques 14.15 Compensation 14.16 Compensation through Gain Reduction 14.17 Lag Compensation 14.18 Lead Compensation 14.19 Summary of Compensation Problem Set CHAPTER 15 PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS 15.1 Introduction 15.2 A Short History of PLLs 15.3 Linearzed PLL Models 15.4 Some Noise Properties of PLLs 15.5 Phase Detectors 15.6 Sequential Phase Detectors 15.7 Loop Filters and Charge Pumps 15.8 PLL Design Examples 15.9 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 16 OSCILLATORS AND SYNTHESIZERS 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The Problem with Purely Linear Oscillators 16.3 Describing Functions 16.4 Resonators 16.5 A Catalog of Tuned Oscillators 16.6 Negative Resistance Oscillators 16.7 Frequency Synthesis 16.8 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 17 PHASE NOISE 17.1 Introduction, 17.2 General Considerations 17.3 Detailed Considerations: Phase Noise 17.4 The Hajimiri Model: A Time-Varying Phase Noise Theory 17.5 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 18 ARCHITECTURES 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Dynamic Range 18.3 Subsampling 18.4 Transmitter Architectures 18.5 Oscillator Stability 18.6 Summary Problem Set CHAPTER 19 RF CIRCUITS THROUGH THE AGES 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Armstrong 19.3 The All-American 5-Tube Superhet 19.4 The Regency TR-l Transistor Radio 19.5 Three-Transistor Toy CB Walkie-Talkie INDEX