PREFACE Part 1 History and Perspective of Industrial Engineering 1 HISTORY OF ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT OF INOUSTRIAL ENGINEERING l.l. Introduction l l.2. Early Developments 2 l.3. The Modem Era 3 l.4. The Engineering Process 5 l.5. Engineering as a Profession 6 l.6. Professional Ethics 8 l.7. Professional Licensing 8 1.8. Engineering Education and ABET Accreditation l.9. Chronology of Industrial Engineering l2 l.l0. Industrial Engineering Organizations l5 l.ll. Definition of Industrial Engineering l8 l.l2. Industrial Engineering Education l8 l.l3. Impact of Related Developments l9 l.l4. Relationship to Other Engineering Disciplines 2l l.l5. Challenges of the Future 23
2 INDUSTRIAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2.l. Introduction 25 2.2. Industrial and Systems Engineering Design 26 2.3. Typical I.&S.E. Activities 28 2.4. Relationship to Total Organization 33 2.5. Internal Organization of the I.&S.E. Function 36 2.6. Effectiveness Measures for the I.&S.E. Function 36 2.7. The Nature of "Systems" 36 2.8. Feedback Control in Systems 38
Part 2 Industrial and Systems Engineering Methodologies 3 MANUFAWRING ENGINEERING 3.l. Introduction 43 3.2. Product--Production Design Interaction 44 3.3. Process Engineering 45 3.4. Industrial Processes 56 3.5. Ancillary Functions 68 3.6. Example 73 3.7. Computer Applications 73
4 FACILITIES LOCATION AND LAYOUT 4.l. Introduction to Facilities Location 80 4.2. Considerations 8l 4.3. Analytical Techniques 83 4.4. Introduction to Facilities Layout 99 4.5. General Considerations l02 4.6. Systematic Layout Planning l02 4.7. Computerized Layout Planning (Optional) ll3 4.8. Impact of Computers ll8
5 MATERIAL HANDLING, DISTRIBUTION. AND ROUTING 5.l. Introduction l25 5.2. Material Handling l26 5.3. Distribution l37
6 WORK OESIGN AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE--WORK MEASUREMENT 6.l. Introduction l5l 6.2. Methods Improvement l54 6.3. Work Measurement l65 6.4. Organizational System Performance Measurement l75 6.5. Computers and Work Measurement and Design l78
7 OPERATONS PLANNING ANO CONTROL 7.l. Introduction l83 7.2. Overview of Operations Planning and Control l84 7.3. Techniques for Demand Forecasting l90 7.4. Techniques for Operations Planning l94 7.5. Techniques for Inventory Planning and Control l97 7.6. Techniques for Operations Scheduling 2(X) 7.7. Dispatching and Progress Control 203 7.8. MRP Systems 203 7.9. Just-in-Time Manufacturing 207
8 QUALITY CONTROL 8.l. Introduction 2l2 8.2. A Bit of History 2l3 8.3. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 2l3 8.4. Deming's Thoughts on Continuous Improvement 2l6 8.5. Juran's Contributions to Quality Thought 2l7 8.6. Tools for On-line vs. Off-line Quality Control 2l8 8.7. Quality Function Deployment 2l8 8.8. Quality Cost Systems 220 8.9. Benchmarking 22l 8. l0. Tools of Statistical Process Control 223 8. ll. Background on Control Charts 234 8. l2. Control Charts for Variables 236 8. l3. Sensitivity Checks for Control Charts 24l 8. l4. Process Capability Analysis 24l 8. l5. Control Charts for Attributes 243
10 CAD/CAM. ROBOTICS. AND AUTOMATION l0.l. The Second Industrial Revolution 275 l0.2. Computer-Aided Design 279 l0.3. Computer-Aided Manufacturing 282 l0.4. Robotics 29l l0'5. Automation 296 l0.6. The Promise of CIM 297 l0.7. Opportunities for I.E.'s 298
11 HUMAN FACTORS ll.l. Perspective 30l ll.2. Physiological Aspects of Human Performance 302 ll.3. Psychological Aspects of Human Activities 304 ll.4. Human Interface with the World of Work 305
12 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT l2.l. Introduction 3l2 l2.2. Energy Management 3l4 l2.3. Water Management 322 l2.4. Hazardous Material Management 324 l2.5. Summary 327
13 FINANCIAL MANAGE.ENT AND ENGINEERING ECONOMY l3.l. Introduction 329 l3.2. Accounting 330 l3.3. Cost Accounting 333 l3.4. Engineering Economy 336 l3.5. Interest Factors 337 l3.6. Back to Gadgets--Present Worth Calculations 343 l3.7. Impact of the Computer on Accounting and Engineering Economy 345
14 DETERMINISTIC OPERATIONS RESEARCH l4.l. Introduction -- Definition 349 l4.2. Similarity to Industrial Engineering 350 l4.3. Nature of Operations Research 35l l4.4. Categorization of Operations Research 352 l4.5. Deterministic Operations Research 354 14.6. Mathematical Programming 354 l4.7. Unconstrained Optimization 355 l4.8. Linear Programming 362 l4.9. Other Techniques 372 l4.l0. Impact of Computers 373
15 PROBABILISTIC MODELS l5.l. Introduction 378 l5.2. Queueing Theory 378 l5.3. Inventory Control 384 l5.4. Markov Chains 389 l5.5. Impact of Statistics and Computers 393 16 SIMULATION l6.l. Introduction 396 l6.2. Simulation Examples 397 l6.3. Random Number Generation 403 l6.4. Time-Flow Mechanism 407 l6.5. Simulation Languages 407
Part 3 Integrated Systems Design 18 SYSTEMS CONCEPTS l8.l. Introduction 432 l8.2. Introduction to Systems Thinking 433 l8.3. Definitions and Terminology 436 l8.4. Systems Engineering 440 l8.5. System Representation 442
19 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DESIGN l9.l. Introduction and Perspective 448 l9.2. A Systems View of an Organization 449 l9.3. Organization Design 456 l9.4. Providing Management Controls 463 l9.5. The Organization Life Cycle 464
2O COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 20.l. Perspective 469 20.2. Basic Concepts of Information Systems 470 20.3. The Process of Designing Information Systems 472 20.4. Data-Base Management Systems 476 20.5. Data Communications Networks 479 21 PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 2l.l. Introduction 483 2l.2. Selection, Testing, and Placement 484 2l.3. Performance Appraisal, Training, Education, and Promotions 486 2l.4. Job Analysis and Description 490 2l.5. Labor Relations 490 2l.6. Safety Programs 492 2l.7. Benefits and Services 493 211.8. Motivation, Supervision, and Communications 494 2l.9. Engineering Management 498
Appendices A PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS A.l. Introduction 50l A.2. Basic Probability Theory 502 A.3. Random Variables 505 A.4. Estimating Probabilities 506 A.5. Some Important Probability Distributions 508 A.6. Expected Values and Variability 5l8 A.7. Populations and Samples 520 A.8. Central Limit Theorem 523 B TABLES Table B.l. Poisson Distribution--Cumulative 528 Table B.2. Normal Distribution--Cumulative 53l INDIX
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