Preface Chapter 1. Overview of Satellite Systems 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Frequency Allocations for Satellite Services 1.3 Intelsat 1.4 U.S. Domsats 1.5 Polar Orbiting Satellites 1.6 Problems
Chapter 2. Orbits and Launching Mathods 2.1 Introduotion 2.2 Kepler's First Law 2.3 Kepler's Second Law 2.4 Kepler's Third Law 2.5 Definitions of Terms for Earth-Orbiting Satellites 2.6 Orbital Elements 2.7 Apogee and Perigee Heights 2.8 Orbital Perturbations 2.8.1 Effects of a Nonspherical Earth 2.8.2 Atmospheric Drag 2.9 Inclined Orbits 2.9.1 Calendars 2.9.2 Universal Time 2.9.3 Julian Dates 2.9.4 Sidereal Time 2.9.5 The Orbital Plane 2.9.6 The Geocentric-Equatorial Coordinate System 2.9.7 Earth Station Reterred to the IJK Frame 2.9.8 The Topocentric-Horizon Coordinate System 2.9.9 The Subsatellite Point 2.9.10 Predicting Satellite Position 2.10 Sun-Synchronous Orbit 2.11 Problems
Chapter 3. The Geostatlonary Orbit 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Antenna Look Angles 3.3 The Polar Mount Antenna 3.4 Limits of Visibility 3.5 Near Geostationary Orbits 3.6 Earth Eclipse of Satellite 3.7 Sun Transit Outage 3.8 Launching Orbits 3.9 Problems
Chapter 6. Antennas 6.1 Introduotion 6.2 Reciprocity Theorem for Antennas 6.3 Coordinate System 6.4 The Radiated Fields 6.5 Power Flux Density 6.6 The Isotropic Radiator and Antenna Gain 6.7 Radiation Pattern 6.8 Beam Solid Angle and Directivity 6.9 Effective Aperture 6.10 The Half-Wave Dipole 6.11 Aperture Antennas 6.12 Horn Antennas 6.13 The Parabolic Reflector 6.14 The Offset Feed 6.15 Double-Refleotor Antennas 6.16 Shaped Reflector Systems 6.17 Arrays 6.18 Problems
Chapter 7. The Space Segment 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Power Supply 7.3 Attitude Control 7.3.1 Spinning Satellite Stabilization 7.3.2 Momentum Wheel Stabilization 7.4 Station Keeping 7.5 Thermal Control 7.6 TT&C Subsystem 7.7 Transponders 7.7.1 The Wideband Receiver 7.7.2 The Input Demultiplexer 7.7.3 The Power Amplifier 7.8 The Antenna Subsystem 7.9 Morelos 7.10 Anik-E 7.11 Advanced Tiros-N Spacecod 7.12 Problems
Chapter 8. The Earth Segment 8.1 Introduotion 8.2 Receive-Only Home TV Systems 8.2.1 The Outdoor Unit 8.2.2 The Indoor Unit for Analog (FM) TV 8.3 Master Antenna TV System 8.4 Community Antenna TV System 8.S Transmit-Receive Earth Stations 8.6 Problems
Chapter 9. Analog Signals 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Telephone Channel 9.3 Single-Sideband Telephony 9.4 FDM Telephony 9.5 Color Television 9.6 Frequency Modulation 9.6.1 Limiters 9.6.2 Bandwudth 9.6.3 FM Detector Noise and Processing Gain 9.6.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 9.6.S Preemphasis and Deemphasis 9.6.6 Noise Weighting 9.6.7 S/N and Bandwidth for FDM/FM Telephony 9.6.8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio for TV/FM 9.7 Problems
Chapter 10. Digital Signals 10.1 Introduotion 10.2 Digital Baseband Signals 10.3 Pulse-Code Modulation 10.4 Time-Division Multiplexing 10.5 Bandwidth Requirements 10.6 Digital Carrier Systems 10.6.1 Blnary Phase-Shift Keying 10.6.2 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying 10.6.3 Transmission Rate and Bandwidth for PSK Modulation 10.6.4 Bit Error Rate for PSK Modulation 10.7 Carrier Recovery Circuits 10.8 Bit Timing Recovery 10.9 Problems
Chapter 11. Error Control Coding 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Linear Block Codes 11.3 Cyclic Codes 11.3.1 Hamming codes 11.3.2 BCH codes 11.3.3 Reed-Solomon codes 11.4 Convolution Codes 11.5 Interleaving 11.6 Concatenated Codes 11.7 Link Parameters Affected by Coding 11.8 Coding Gain 11.9 Hard Decision and Soft Decision Decoding 11.1O Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) 11.11 Problems
Chapter 12. The Space Link 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power 12.3 TFansmission Losses 12.3.1 Free-Space Transmission 12.3.2 Feeder Losses 12.3.3 Antenna Misalignment Losses 12.3.4 Flxed Atmospheric and Ionospheric Losses 12.4 The Link Power Budget Equation 12.5 System Noise 12.5.1 Antenna Noise 12.5.2 Amplifier Noise Temperature 12.5.3 Amplifiers in Cascade 12.5.4 Noise Factor 12.5.5 Noise Temperature of Absorptive Networks 12.5.6 Overall System Noise Temperature 12.6 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 12.7 The Uplink 12.7.1 Saturation Flux Density 12.7.2 Input Back Off 12.7.3 The Earth Station HPA 12.8 Downlink 12.8.1 Output Back Off 12.8.2 Satellite TWTA Output 12.9 Effects Of Rain 12.9.1 Uplink rain-fade margin 12.9.2 Downlink rain-fade margin 12.10 Combined Uplink and Downlink C/N Ratio 12.11 Intermodulation Noise 12.12 Problems
Chapter 13. Interference 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Interference between Satellite Circuits (B1 and B2 Modes) 13.2.1 Downlink 13.2.2 Uplink 13.2.3 Combined [C/I] due to interference on both uplink and downlink 13.2.4 Antenna gain funotion 13.2.5 Passband intederence 13.2.6 Receiver transfer characteristic 13.2.7 Specified interference objectives 13.2.8 Protection ratio 13.3 Energy Dispersal 13.4 Coordination 13.4.1 Interference levels 13.4.2 TFansmission gain 13.4.3 Resulting noise-temperature rise 13.4.4 Coordination criterion 13.4.5 Noise power spectral density 13.5 Problems
Chapter 14. Satellite Access 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Single Access 14.3 Preassigned FDMA 14.4 Demand-Assigned FDMA 14.5 Spade System 14.6 Bandwidth-Limited and Power-Limited TWT Amplifier Operation 14.6.1 FDMA Downlink Analysis 14.7 TDMA 14.7.1 Reference Burst 14.7.2 Preamble and Postamble 14.7.3 Carrier Recovery 14.7.4 Network Synchronization 14.7.5 Unique Word Detection 14.7.6 Trpffic Data 14.7.7 Frame Efficiency and Channel Capacity 14.7.8 Preassigned TDMA 14.7.9 Demand-Assigned TDMA 14.7.10 Speech Interpolation and Prediction 14.7.11 DownIink Analysis for Digital TFansmission 14.7.12 Comparison of Uplink Power Requirements for FDMA and TDMA 14.8 On-Board Signal Processing for FDMMDM Operation 14.9 Satellite-Switched TDMA 14.10 Code-Division Multiple Access 14.10.1 Diwtsequence spread spedrum 14.10.2 The code signal c(t) 14.10.3 The autocorrelation funotion for c(t) 14.10.4 Acquisition and tracking 14.10.5 Spectrum spreading and despreading 14.10.6 CDMA throughput 14.11 Problems
Chapter 15. Satellite Services and the Internet 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Network Layers 15.3 The TCP Link 1S.4 Satellite Links and TCP 15.S Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Stondard Mechanisms (RFC-2488) 15.6 Requests for Comments 15.7 Split TCP Connections 15.8 Asymmetric Channels 15.9 Proposed Systems 15.10 Problems
Chapter 16. Direct Broadcast Satellite Services 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Orbital Spacings 16.3 Power Rating and Number of Transponders 16.4 Frequencies and Polarization 16.5 Transponder Capacity 16.6 Bit Rates for Digital Television 16.7 MPEG Compression Standards 16.8 Foreard Error Correotion 16.9 The Home Receiver Outdoor Unit (ODU) 16.10 The Home Reciever Indoor Unit (IDU) 16.11 Downlink Analysis 16.12 Uplink 16.13 Problems
Chapter 17. Satellite Services 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Satellite Mobile Services 17.3 VSATs 17.4 Radarsat 17.5 Global Positioning Satellite System 17.6 Orbcomm 17.7 Problems
Appendix A. Answers to Selected Problems Appendix B. Conic Sedions Appendix C. NASA Two-Line Orbital Elements Appendix D. Listings of Artificial Satellites Appendix E. Illuatrating Third-Order Intermodulation Produots Appendix F Acronyms Appendix G. Logarithmic Units Appendix H. Mathcad Notation References Index
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