I.The Elements 1.Thesis 2.Unity 3.Oranization 4.Beginning and Endings 5.Paragraphs 6.Transisions 7.Effective Sentences 8.Language Level Ⅱ Patterns of Development 1.Illustration 2.Narrative 3.Description 4.Process 5.Defintion 6.Classification and Analysis 7.Comparison and Contrast 8.Cause and Effect 9.Persuasion and Argumentation Ⅲ Research Writing IV Practical Writing 1.Applications and Resumes 2.Business Reports 3.The Vatiation Reports in Form and Purpose 4.Proposals V.Summary Writing(Precis) Bibliography