Part I Getting Started with Cisco Networks2 Chapter 1 Internetworking Concepts Overview4 Defining Network Components 5 Mapping Business Needs to a Hierarchical Model 7 Access Layer 8 Distribution Layer 9 Core Layer 9 OSI Reference Model Overview 10 Upper Layers 10 Lower Layers 11 Communicating Between OSI Reference Model Layers 12 Physical Layer Functions 14 Physical Media and Connectors 15 Collision/Broadcast Domains 16 Data Link Layer Functions 18 MAC Sublayer Frames 19 LLC Sublayer Frames 20 Data Link Layer Devices 21 Network Layer Functions 24 Network Layer Addresses 24 Router Operation at the Network Layer 26 Transport Layer Functions 28 OSI Lower Layer Review 30 Selecting Cisco Products 32 Cisco Hub Products 34 Catalyst Switch Products 35 Cisco Router Products 36 Summary 38 Review Questions 38 Chapter 2 Assembling and Cabling Cisco Devices40 Cabling the LAN 41 LAN Physical Layer Implementations 43 Positioning Ethernet in the Campus 44 Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements 45 Differentiating Between Connections 46 UTP Implementation 47 Cabling the Campus 52 Cabling the WAN 53 WAN Physical Layer Implementations 55 Differentiating Between WAN Serial Connections 55 Cabling Routers for Serial Connections 57 Cabling Routers for ISDN BRI Connections 62 Setting Up Console Connections to Cisco Devices 64 Summary 65 Review Questions 65 Chapter 3 Operating and Configuring a Cisco IOS Device66 Basic Operation of Cisco IOS Software 67 Operations upon Router/Switch Startup 68 Router/Switch Configuration Locations 68 IOS Command Modes 69 What Happens When You Start a Switch 70 Catalyst Switch Status LEDs 71 Logging On to a 1900 Switch After Startup 74 Keyboard Help in Switch Command-Line Interface 75 Context-Sensitive Help for Switches 76 Console Error Messages for Switches 77 Command History Buffer for Switches 77 Commands to Get Basic Switch Information 78 show version Command 78 show running-configuration Command 79 show interfaces Command 80 show ip Command 82 Configuring the Switch from the Command Line 82 What Happens When You Start a Router 83 Initial Router Configuration 84 Modifying Router Configuration 89 Keyboard Help in Router Command-Line Interface 91 Context-Sensitive Help for Routers 92 Console Error Messages for Routers 92 Command History Buffer for Routers 93 Using CLI Help Features Example 94 Enhanced Editing Mode: Editing Key Functions 96 Commands to Get Basic Router Information 98 show version Command 98 show running-configurationandshow startup-configurationCommands 98 Configuring a Router from the Command Line 99 Additional Useful Console Commands 104 Configuring Router Interfaces 104 Summary 110 Review Questions 110 Chapter 4 Managing Your Network Environment112 Getting Information About Neighboring Devices 113 Displaying General Information About Neighboring Devices 115 Displaying CDP Information About a Device 115 Displaying CDP Information About Neighboring Devices 116 Displaying Detailed CDP Information About Neighboring Devices 118 Displaying Information About Device Traffic 119 Displaying Configuration Information and Interface Status for a Device 120 Getting Information About Remote Devices 120 Establishing a Telnet Session to a Remote Device 120 Verifying and Displaying Active Telnet Sessions 121 Suspending, Re-Establishing, and Ending Active Telnet Sessions 122 Documenting the Network with the ping and traceroute Commands 123 Router Booting Sequence and Verification Commands 124 Router Booting Sequence 124 Router Components 125 ROM Microcode 126 Loading/Running the Router Configuration 131 Managing Router Configurations with copy Commands 132 IOS File System 135 Moving/Managing Router Configuration Files 136 Managing IOS Images 137 Backing Up Your IOS Image File 138 Loading a New IOS Image File from the Network Server 139 Summary 140 Review Questions 140 Part II Interconnecting Catalyst Switches 142 Chapter 5 Catalyst 1900 Switch Operations 144 Basic Layer 2 Switching (Bridging) Technologies 145 The Address Learning Function 146 Forward/Filter Decision 148 Loop Avoidance 150 How Spanning Tree Works 155 How Devices Stay Informed About the Topology 161 Catalyst Switch Technology 162 How Frames Are Transmitted 162 How the Switch Talks to Other Devices 163 Configuring the Catalyst 1900 Switch 165 Default Configuration Settings for the Catalyst 1900 Switch 165 Default Port Configurations for the Catalyst 1900 Switch 166 Configuration Modes for the Catalyst 1900 Switch 167 Configuring the IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway on the Catalyst 1900 Switch 167 Configuring the Duplex Mode for a Catalyst 1900 Switch Interface 168 MAC Addresses and Catalyst 1900 Switch Port Interfaces 170 Displaying Switch IOS Information 174 Managing Switch Configuration Files 175 Catalyst 1900 Switch Command Summary 176 Summary 177 Review Questions 177 Chapter 6 Extending Switched Networks with Virtual LANs 178 VLAN Concepts 182 How VLANs Operate 183 VLAN Membership Modes 184 Inter-Switch Links 185 ISL Tagging 186 ISL Encapsulation 187 VLAN Trunking Protocol 188 VTP Modes 189 How VTP Works 191 VTP Pruning 192 VLAN Configuration 193 VLAN Configuration Guidelines 194 VLAN Configuration Steps 194 VTP Configuration Guidelines 195 Configuring VTP 195 Adding a VLAN 197 Verifying a VLAN/Modifying VLAN Parameters 197 Assigning Ports to a VLAN 198 Displaying Spanning-Tree Protocol Configuration Status 199 VLAN Command Summary 200 Summary 200 Review Questions 201 Part III Interconnecting Cisco Routers 202 Chapter 7 Interconnecting Networks with TCP/IP 204 TCP/IP Application Layer Overview 206 TCP/IP Transport Layer Overview 206 TCP/UDP Header Format 207 How TCP and UDP Use Port Numbers 209 Establishing a TCP Connection: The Three-Way Handshake 211 Flow Control for TCP/UDP 213 TCP/IP Internet Layer Overview 215 IP 215 Internet Control Message Protocol 217 Address Resolution Protocol 218 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol 219 TCP/IP Address Overview 220 IP Address Classes 222 Host Addresses 224 Subnet Addresses 226 Subnet Masks 227 Broadcasts 231 Identifying IP Addresses 233 Subnet Planning 235 Configuring IP Addresses 237 Assigning Switch Logical Network Addresses and Default Gateways 237 Assigning Router Interface Logical Network Addresses 237 Specifying the Subnet Mask Format 238 Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses 238 Defining Name Servers 239 Displaying Host Names and Addresses 240 Inter-VLAN Routing 241 TCP/IP Command Summary 245 Summary 245 Review Questions 245 Chapter 8 Determining IP Routes 248 Routing Overview 249 Enabling Static Routes 251 Learning Routes Dynamically Using Routing Protocols 254 Interior Gateway Protocols Versus Exterior Gateway Protocols 256 Administrative Distance 256 Overview of Routing Protocol Classes 259 Distance Vector Routing Protocols 260 Link-State and Hybrid Routing Protocols 274 Configuring Dynamic Routing Protocols 276 Enabling RIP 277 Verifying RIP Routing Information 279 Displaying IP Routing Table Information in RIP Networks 280 Displaying RIP Routing Updates 282 Enabling IGRP 282 IGRP Metrics 283 IGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing 284 IGRP Routing Process 285 IGRP Load Balancing/Sharing 286 Verifying IGRP Routing Information 287 Displaying IP Routing Table Information in IGRP Networks 288 Displaying IGRP Routing Transaction Information 288 Displaying IGRP Routing Information Summaries 289 IGRP Routing Update Example 290 Assigning a Default Route to an Unknown Subnet of a Directly Attached Network 293 Routing Command Summary 294 Summary 294 Review Questions 294 Chapter 9 Basic IP Traffic Management with Access Lists 296 Understanding Access Lists 297 Access List Functions and Operations 300 Access List Operations 300 Access List Condition Testing 302 Guidelines for Access List Implementation 303 Access List Command Basics 304 TCP/IP Access Lists 306 Standard IP Access List Configuration 310 Example 1: Access List Blocking Traffic from an External Network 311 Example 2: Access List Blocking Traffic from a Single Host 313 Example 3: Access List Blocking Traffic from a Single Subne 313 Controlling vty Access with Access Class Entries 314 Extended IP Access Lists 317 Configuring an Extended Access List 318 Example 1: Extended Access List Blocking FTP Traffic from a Specified Subnet 319 Example 2: Extended Access List Blocking Telnet Traffic from a Specified Subnet 320 Named IP Access Lists 321 Guidelines for Standard, Extended, and Named Access List Implementation 322 Verifying and Monitoring Access Lists 324 Access List Command Summary 325 Summary 326 Review Questions 326 Chapter 10 Configuring Novell IPX 328 IPX Fundamentals 329 Novell NetWare IPX Protocol Stack 330 Novell IPX Addressing 332 Novell IPX Network Numbers 333 Novell IPX Packet Encapsulation 334 NetWare Protocols 337 Configuring IPX Routing 339 Global Tasks for IPX Routing Configuration 340 Interface Tasks for IPX Routing Configuration 341 IPX Routing Configuration Example 343 Verifying and Monitoring IPX Routing 345 Displaying IPX Interface Status and Parameters 345 Displaying IPX Routing Table Contents 346 Displaying IPX Server Information 347 Displaying IPX Traffic Volume and Type Information 348 Displaying Information About RIP Update Packets 348 Displaying Information About SAP Update Packets 349 Checking IPX Host Reachability 350 IPX Access Lists 350 Standard IPX Access Lists 353 Extended IPX Access Lists 355 IPX Access Lists to Filter SAP Traffic 356 Verifying/Displaying IPX Access Lists 360 IPX Command Summary 361 Summary 362 Review Questions 362 Part IV Extendingthe Network to WANs 364 Chapter 11 Establishing Serial Point-to-Point Connections 365 WAN Overview 367 WAN Connectivity Options 368 WAN Terminology 369 WAN Serial Line Standards 370 WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation 372 Configuring HDLC Encapsulation 374 PPP Encapsulation Overview 375 PPP Components: NCP and LCP 376 Establishing a PPP Connection 378 Configuring PPP Encapsulation and PAP and CHAP Authentication 379 PAP Authentication 379 CHAP Authentication 380 Enabling PPP Encapsulation and PAP or CHAP Authentication 380 Sample PAP/CHAP Configurations 382 Verifying PPP Encapsulation Configuration 383 Serial Point-to-Point Connection Command Summary 384 Summary 385 Review Questions 385 Chapter 12 Completing an ISDN BRI Call 386 ISDN BRI Overview 387 ISDN Components 390 BRI Call Processing 391 ISDN CPE Equipment and Reference Points 392 ISDN Switch Types and SPIDs 395 Enabling ISDN BRI 395 Dial-on-Demand Routing Overview 397 Configuring Standard DDR 400 Step 1: Defining Static Routes 400 Step 2: Specifying Interesting Traffic 401 Step 3: Configuring the Dialer Information 402 Example: Configuring a Router for DDR Over an ISDN BRI Line 403 Verifying DDR Over ISDN Configuration and Operation 405 Troubleshooting DDR Operation 406 ISDN BRI Command Summary 406 Summary 407 Review Questions 407 Chapter 13 Establishing a Frame Relay PVC Connection 410 Frame Relay Overview 411 Frame Relay Components and Terminology 412 Address Mapping and LMI Signaling for Frame Relay Connections 414 Configuring Frame Relay 418 Configuring Static Mapping for a Router 420 Displaying Frame Relay Connection Status and Information 421 Displaying LMI Traffic Statistics 422 Displaying Frame Relay Connection and Traffic Statistics 422 Displaying Frame Relay Connection Map Entry Information 423 Clearing Dynamically Created Frame Relay Maps 423 Verifying and Troubleshooting Frame Relay Connections 424 Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces 425 Frame Relay Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Reachability Problems 426 Resolving Frame Relay NBMA Reachability Problems with Subinterface Configuration 427 Point-to-Point Subinterface Configuration Example 429 Multipoint Subinterface Configuration Example 430 Frame Relay Command Summary 431 Summary 432 Review Questions 432 Part V Appendixes 434 Appendix A Configuring AppleTalk 436 AppleTalk Overview 437 AppleTalk Addressing 438 AppleTalk Zones and Services 441 Configuring AppleTalk Routing 443 Enabling AppleTalk and Selecting a Routing Update Protocol 444 Assigning a Range of Network Numbers to Each Interface 445 Assigning Each Interface to a Zone 445 AppleTalk Configuration Example 445 AppleTalk Discovery Mode 447 Displaying AppleTalk Interface Information 451 Displaying AppleTalk Routing Table Contents 451 Displaying AppleTalk Zone Information Table Contents 452 Displaying Global AppleTalk Configuration Parameters for a Router 452 Displaying RTMP Routine Output 453 Summary 453 AppleTalk Command Summary 454 Review Questions 454 Appendix B Establishing a HyperTerminal Session 456 Creating a HyperTerminal Session 458 Appendix C Cisco 700 Series Routers 462 Cisco 700 Series Overview and Configuration 463 Cisco 700 Series Router Profiles 464 Cisco IOS-700 Commands 465 Cisco 700 Series Router Configuration Example 469 Appendix D Password Recovery 472 The Virtual Configuration Register 473 Changing the Virtual Configuration Register Settings 473 Enabling Booting from Flash Memory 479 The Password Recovery Process 479 Password Recovery Procedure 1 480 Password Recovery Procedure 2 482 Appendix E Answers to Review Questions 486 Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 487 Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions 488 Answers to Chapter 3 Review Questions 489 Answers to Chapter 4 Review Questions 490 Answers to Chapter 5 Review Questions 491 Answers to Chapter 6 Review Questions 492 Answers to Chapter 7 Review Questions 493 Answers to Chapter 8 Review Questions 495 Answers to Chapter 9 Review Questions 496 Answers to Chapter 10 Review Questions 498 Answers to Chapter 11 Review Questions 499 Answers to Chapter 12 Review Questions 500 Answers to Chapter 13 Review Questions 501 Answers to Appendix A Review Questions 501
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