程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言：設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 第3版

    Part 1. Concepts
    1 The Study of Programming Languages
    1.1 Why Study Programming Languages?
    1.2 A Short History of Programming Languages
    1.2.1 Development of Early Languages
    1.2.2 Role of Programming Languages
    1.3 What Makes a Good Language?
    1.3.1 Attributes of a Good Language
    1.3.2 Application Domains
    1.3.3 T anguage Standardization
    1.4 Effects of Environments on Languages
    1.4.1 Batch-Processing Environments
    1.4.2 Interactive Environments
    1.4.3 Embedded System Environments
    1.4.4 Programming Environments
    1.4.5 Environment Frameworks
    1.5 Suggestions for Further Reading
    1.6 Problems
    2 Language Design Issues
    2.1 The Structure and Operation of a Computer
    2.1.1 The Hardware of the Computer
    2.1.2 Firmware Computers
    2.1.3 Translators and Software-Simulated Computers
    2.2 Virtual Computers and Binding Times
    2.2.1 Syntax and Semantics
    2.2.2 Virtual Computers and Language Implementations
    2.2.3 Hierarchies of Computers
    2.2.4 Binding and Binding Time
    2.3 Language Paradigms
    2.4 Suggestions for Further Reading
    2.5 Problems
    3 Language Translation Issues
    3.1 Programming Language Syntax
    3.1.1 General Syntactic Criteria
    3.1.2 Syntactic Elements of a Language
    3.1.3 Overall Program-Subprogram Structure
    3.2 Stages in Translation
    3.2.1 Analysis of the Source Program
    3.2.2 Synthesis of the Object Program
    3.3 Formal Translation Models
    3.3.1 BNF Grammars
    3.3.2 Finite-State Automata
    3.3.3 Pushdown Automata
    3.3.4 Efficient Parsing Algorithms
    3.3.5 Semantic Modeling
    3.4 Suggestions for Further Reading
    3.5 Problems
    4 Data Types
    4.1 Properties of Types and Objects
    4.1.1 Data Objects, Variables, and Constants
    4.1.2 Data Types
    4.1.3 Specification of Elementary Data Types
    4.1.4 Implementation of Elementary Data Types
    4.1.5 Declarations
    4.1.6 Type Checking and Type Conversion
    4.1.7 Assignment and Initialization
    4.2 Elementary Data Types
    4.2.1 Numeric Data Types
    4.2.2 Enumerations
    4.2.3 Booleans
    4.2.4 Characters
    4.2.5 Internationalization
    4.3 Structured Data Types
    4.3.1 Structured Data Objects and Data Types
    4.3.2 Specification of Data Structure Types
    4.3.3 Implementation of Data Structure Types
    4.3.4 Declarations and Type Checking for Data Structures
    4.3.5 Vectors and Arrays
    4.3.6 Records
    4.3.7 Lists
    4.3.8 Character Strings
    4.3.9 Pointers and Programmer-Constructed Data Objects
    4.3.10 Sets
    4.3.11 Executable Data Objects
    4.3.12 Files and Input-Output
    4.4 Suggestions for Further Reading
    4.5 Problems
    5 Abstraction 1: Encapsulation
    5.1 Abstract Data Types
    5.1.1 Evolution of the Data Type Concept
    5.1.2 Information Hiding
    5.2 Encapsulation by Subprograms
    5.2.1 Subprograms as Abstract Operations
    5.2.2 Subprogram Definition and Invocation
    5.2.3 Subprogram Definitions as Data Objects
    5.3 Type Definitions
    5.3.1 Type Equivalence
    5.3.2 Type Definitions with Parameters
    5.4 Storage Management
    5.4.1 Major Run-Time Elements Requiring Storage
    5.4.2 Programmer- and System-Controlled Storage Management
    5.4.3 Static Storage Management
    5.4.4 Stack-Based Storage Management
    5.4.5 Heap Storage Management: Fixed-Size Elements
    5.4.6 Heap Storage Management: Variable-Size Elements
    5.5 Suggestions for Purther Reading
    5.6 Problems
    6 Sequence Control
    6.1 Implicit and Explicit Sequence Control
    6.2 Sequencing with Arithmetic Expressions
    6.2.1 Tree-Structure Representation
    6.2.2 Execution-Time Representation
    6.3 Sequencing with Nonarithmetic Expressions
    6.3.1 Pattern Matching
    6.3.2 Unification
    6.3.3 Backtracking
    6.4 Sequence Control Between Statements
    6.4.1 Basic Statements
    6.4.2 Structured Sequence Control
    6.4.3 Prime Programs
    6.5 Suggestions for Further Reading
    6.6 Problems
    7 Subprogram Control
    7.1 Subprogram Sequence Control
    7.1.1 Simple Call-Return Subprograms
    7.1.2 Recursive Subprograms
    7.2 Attributes of Data Control
    7.2.1 Names and Referencing Environments
    7.2.2 Static and Dynamic Scope
    7.2.3 Block Structure
    7.2.4 Local Data and Local Referencing Environments
    7.3 Shared Data in Subprograms
    7.3.1 Parameters and Parameter Transmission
    7.3.2 Explicit Common Environments
    7.3.3 Dynamic Scope
    7.3.4 Static Scope and Block Structure
    7.4 Suggestions for Further Reading
    7.5 Problems
    8 Abstraction 11: Inheritance
    8.1 Abstract Data Types Revisited
    8.2 Inheritance
    8.2.1 Derived Classes
    8.2.2 Methods
    8.2.3 Abstract Classes
    8.2.4 Objects and Messages
    8.2.5 Abstraction Concepts
    8.3 Polymorphism
    8.4 Suggestions for Further Reading
    8.5 Problems
    9 Advances in Language Design
    9.1 Variations on Subprogram Control
    9.1.1 Exceptions and Exception Handlers
    9.1.2 Coroutines
    9.1.3 Scheduled Subprograms
    9.1.4 Nonsequential Execution
    9.2 Parallel Programming
    9.2.1 Concurrent Execution
    9.2.2 Guarded Commands
    9.2.3 Tasks
    9.2.4 Synchronization of Tasks
    9.3 Formal Properties of Languages
    9.3.1 Chomsky Hierarchy
    9.3.2 Undecidability
    9.3.3 Algorithm Complexity
    9.4 Language Semantics
    9.4.1 Denotational Semantics
    9.4.2 Program Verification
    9.4.3 Algebraic Data Types
    9.4.4 Resolution
    9.5 Hardware Developments
    9.5.1 Processor Design
    9.5.2 System Design
    9.6 Software Architecture
    9.6.1 Persistent Data and Transaction Systems
    9.6.2 Networks and Client/Server Computing
    9.6.3 Desktop Publishing
    9.6.4 Programming Language Trends
    9.7 Suggestions for Further Reading
    9.8 Problems
   Part 11. Paradigms and Languages
    10 Simple Procedural Languages
    10.1 FORTRAN
    10.1.1 History
    10.1.2 Hello World
    10.1.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    10.1.4 Data Objects
    10.1.5 Sequence Control
    10.1.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    10.1.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    10.1.8 Language Evaluation
    10.2 C
    10.2.1 History
    10.2.2 Hello World
    10.2.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    10.2.4 Data Objects
    10.2.5 Sequence Control
    10.2.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    10.2.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    10.2.8 Language Evaluation
    10.3 Suggestions for Further Reading
    10.4 Problems
    11 Block-Structured Procedural Languages
    11.1 Pascal
    11.1.1 History
    11.1.2 Hello World
    11.1.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    11.1.4 Data Objects
    11.1.5 Sequence Control
    11.1.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    11.1.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    11.1.8 Language Evaluation
    11.2 Suggestions for Further Reading
    11.3 Problems
    12 Object-Based Languages
    12.1 Ada
    12:1.1 History
    12.1.2 Hello World
    12.1.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    12.1.4 Data Objects
    12.1.5 Sequence Control
    12.1.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    12.1.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    12.1.8 Language Evaluation
    12.2 C++
    12.2.1 History
    12.2.2 Hello World
    12.2.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    12.2.4 Data Objects
    12.2.5 Sequence Control
    12.2.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    12.2.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    12.2.8 Language Evaluation
    12.3 Smalltalk
    12.3,1 History
    12.3.2 HelloWorld
    12.3.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    12.3.4 Data Objects
    12.3.5 Sequence Control
    12.3.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    12.3.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    12.3.8 Language Evaluation
    12.4 Suggestions for Further Reading
    12.5 Problems
    13 Functional Languages
    13.1 LISP
    13.1.1 History
    13.1.2 HelloWorld
    13.1.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    13.1.4 Data Objects
    13.1.5 Sequence Control
    13.1.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    13.1.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    13.1.8 Language Evaluation
    13.2 ML
    13.2.1 History
    13.2.2 HelloWorld
    13.2.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    13.2.4 Data Objects
    13.2.5 Sequence Control
    13.2.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    13.2.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    13.2.8 Language Evaluation
    13.3 Suggestions for Further Reading
    13.4 Problems
    14 Logic Programming Languages
    14.1 Prolog
    14.1.1 History
    14.1.2 HelloWorld
    14.1.3 Brief Overview of the Language
    14.1.4 Data Objects
    14.1.5 Sequence Control
    14.1.6 Subprograms and Storage Management
    14.1.7 Abstraction and Encapsulation
    14.1.8 Language Evaluation
    14.2 Suggestions for Purther Reading
    14.3 Problems
    References
    Index