中華民族多元一體格局：修訂本

     目 錄
   代序：民族研究——簡述我的民族研究經歷
    與思考
   第一章 導論
    一、中華民族的多元一體格局
    （一）中華民族的生存空間
    （二）多元的起源
    （三）新石器文化多元交融和匯集
    （四）凝聚核心漢族的出現(xiàn)
    （五）地區(qū)性的多元統(tǒng)
    （六）中原地區(qū)民族大混雜、大融合
    （七）北方民族不斷給漢族輸入新的血液
    （八）漢族同樣充實了其他民族
    （九）漢族的南向擴展
    （十）中國西部的民族流動
    （十一）中華民族格局形成的幾個特點
    （十二）瞻望前途
    二、中華民族研究的新探索
   第二章 中華民族的起源與形成
    一、中華新石器文化的多元區(qū)域性發(fā)展
    （一）中華文化起源于中華大地
    （二）黃河中下游東西相對的兩個文化區(qū)
    （三）長江中下游東西相對的兩個文化區(qū)
    （四）燕遼文化區(qū)及黃河上游文化區(qū)
    （五）以鄱陽湖——珠江三角洲為中心的
    　華南文化區(qū)
    （六）北方游牧與漁獵文化區(qū)
    （七）南北農業(yè)及狩獵文化三帶的平行發(fā)展
    二、中華遠古的各部落集團
    （一）史料問題
    （二）父權制以前的史影
    （三）父權制時代各部落集團
    三、中華民族形成史的分期
    （一）中華民族的起源與孕育
    （二）中華民族的自在發(fā)展
    （三）中華民族從自發(fā)到自覺的聯(lián)合
    四、中華民族的結構
    （一）中華大地的地理結構
    （二）中華民族的民族結構
    （三）中華民族的政治結構
    五、中華民族的共同性（一）
    （一）中華民族認同有長遠的歷史淵源
    （二）各兄弟民族之間，你中有我，我中有你
    （三）各具特點和特長而又互相學習和吸收
    （四）中國民族關系的新紀元
    六、中華民族的共同性（二）
    （一）遠古神話所反映的共性與個性
    （二）中國各民族遠古祖先的認同與各自的特點
    （三）各民族的歷史自古認同為中國歷史的一部分
    （四）在中華民族解放斗爭中同呼吸共命運
   第三章 民族稱謂含義的演變及其內在聯(lián)系
    一、“漢人”考
    （一）“漢人”稱謂的起源
    （二）“漢人”族稱的形成
    （三）“漢人”范圍的擴大與“漢族”稱謂的出現(xiàn)
    （四）對“漢人”稱謂的演繹
    二、“契丹”——漢人之別名
    三、歷史上少數(shù)民族中的“漢人成分
    （一）少數(shù)民族的崛興往往得助于漢人
    （二）漢人之化入西北民族的成分
    （三）漢人之化入西南、東南民族的成分
    （四）漢人之化入中南民族的成分
    （五）漢人間有遷于鄰國而被涵化的成分
    （六）民族間相互涵化是促進發(fā)展的因素
    四、中國·華夷·蕃漢·中華·中華民族
    （一）中國名稱的起源
    （二）春秋戰(zhàn)國時期中國與華夷的含義
    （三）秦以后中國含義的發(fā)展演變與確立
    （四）漢人與蕃漢對舉的內涵及外延
    （五）中華與中華民族含義的演變和發(fā)展
   第四章 中國歷史上游牧民族的地位
    一、匈奴游牧社會的歷史地位
    （一）匈奴統(tǒng)一中國北方游牧區(qū)的歷史意義
    （二）長城內外廣大農業(yè)區(qū)與游牧區(qū)的形成
    （三）匈奴游牧社會的歷史地位
    （四）游牧社會與農業(yè)社會歷史的整體聯(lián)系
    二、西漢政府設置河西四郡的歷史意義
    （一）設置河西四郡的歷史背景
    （二）河西四郡促進了漢朝對西域的統(tǒng)一
    （三）河西四郡促進了中西交通的發(fā)展
    （四）河西四郡促進了西北經濟文化的發(fā)展
   第五章 中華民族研究的理論與方法
    一、民族研究新發(fā)展的良好開端
    （一）對中華民族的研究是時代的需要
    （二）對中華民族內涵與外延的探討
    （三）對中華民族“多元”與“一體”的探討
    二、中華民族起源學說的由來與發(fā)展
    （一）從一元說到多元一體說
    （二）多元一體說的考古學依據(jù)
    （三）中華文明初曙發(fā)展的總趨勢
    （四）需要對遠古神話系統(tǒng)整理
    三、傳統(tǒng)民族觀與中華民族一體觀
    （一）傳統(tǒng)的“華夷之辨”
    （二）“大一統(tǒng)’格局中的“華夷之防’
    （三）中華民族從自在發(fā)展到自覺的聯(lián)合
    四、中國民族研究的識異與求同
   修訂本跋
   　　　　 CONTENTS
   In Lieu of a Preface: An Brief Account of My Experience and
   Reflection on Ethnic Studies 晻 晻 ?Fei Xiaotong
   Chapter One Introduction
   　1 The Pattern of Diversity in Unity of
    　the Chinese Nation
    　(1) Living Space of the Chinese Nation
    　 (2) Origin of the Diversity
    　(3) Blending and Convergence of the Diversity of
   　 　 Neolithic Culture
    　(4) Emergence of the Han People-a Cohesive
    　 　Core
    　(5) Diversity in Unity in Different Localities
    　(6) Great Minglement and Great Blending of
    　　Ethnic Groups in the Central Plains
    　(7) Northern Ethnic Groups Continuously Infused
    　　 New Blood into the Han People
   　 (8) The Han People Also Strengthened Other
    　 　Ethnic Groups
    　 (9) Southward Expansion of the Han People
    　(10) Migration of Ethnic Groups in West China
    　(11) Some Characteristics in the Forming of the
    　 　Pattern of the Chinese Nation
    　(12) Looking into the Future
   　2. A New Exploration in the Research of
    　the Chinese Nation
   Chapter Two Origin and Formation of the Chinese Nation
    1. Chinese Neolithic Cultures Developed
   　 in Different Regions
    　(1) Chinese Culture Originated on the Territory of
    　 　China
    (2) Two Cultural Regions Opposite to Each Other
    　from East to West in the Middle and Lower Reaches
    　 of the Yellow River
    (3) Two Cultural Regions Opposite to Each Other
    from East to West in the Middle and Lower
    Reaches of the Yangtze River
    (4) Yan-Liao Cultural Region and the
    Cultural Region in the Upper
    Reaches of the Yellow River
    (5) South China Cultural Region with Boyang Lake
    　 and Pearl River Delta as Its Center
    (6) Nomadic and Hunting Cultural Region
    　　in the North
    (7) The Parallel Development of the Three Zones-
    Agricultural Cultural Zones in the North and
    South and the Hunting Cultural Zone
    2. Tribal Groups in Ancient China
    (1) Several Problems Related to Historical
    　 Materials
    (2) Historical Shadows Before Patriarchy
    (3) Tribal Groups in the Times of Patriarchy
    3. Time Division of the History of Formation of
    　the Chinese Nation
    (1) The Rise and Growth of the Chinese
    　 Nation
    (2) The Chinese Nation Developed on Its Own
    (3) The Chinese Nation Going from Spontaneous
    　　to Conscientious Union
    4. The Structure of the Chinese Nation
    (1) Geographic Structure of the Chinese Land
    (2) Ethnic Structure of the Chinese Nation
    　(3) Political Structure of the Chinese Nation
    5. Common Characters of the Chinese Nation (1)
    (1) The Identification of the Chinese Nation
    　 Has a Long History
    (2) Among Brethren Ethnic Groups " 1 Am in You
    　 and You Are in Me"
    (3) Each Has Its Own Distinguishing Features and
    　 Specialties, and They Learn from Each Other
    (4) A New Era for the Relations Between China's
    　 Ethnic Groups
    6. Common Characters of the Chinese Nation (11)
    (1) General and Specific Character Reflected
    　in Ancient Myths
    (2) Identification of Forefathers of Various Ethnic
    　Groups in China and Their Respective Distinguishing
    　　Features
    (3) History of Various Ethnic Groups Has Been
    　 from Ancient Times Identified As Part of Chinese
    　History
    (4) Sharing a Common Fate in the Struggle for
    　　the Liberation of the Chinese Nation
   Chapter Three The Evolution of Ethnic Appellations and the
   Internal Relations That They Have Revealed
    1. A Textual Research of the Term " Han"
    (1) Origin of the Appellation of " Han"
    (2) The Formation of the Ethnic Group Appellation
   　 of" Han"
    (3) The Expansion of the Scope of " Han" and
    　 the Emergence of the Appellation of " Han"
    (4) The Evolution of the Appellation of
    　 " Han"
    2. " Qidan" -Another Name for Han
    3. The " Han Component" in Ethnic Minorities
    　 in History
    (1) Rise of Ethnic Minorities Often due to
    　 the Help of the Han
    (2) Some Han Elements Assimilated into Northwest
    　 Ethnic Minorities
    (3) Some Han Elements Assimilated into Southwest
    　 and Southeast Ethnic Minorities
    (4) Some Han Elements Assimilated into South
    　 Central Ethnic Minorities
    　 (5) Some Han Elements Moved to Neighboring
    　 Countries and Were Assimilated
    (6) Assimilation Between Different Ethnic Groups
    　　 Was a Factor for Promoting Development
    　4 Zhongguo, Hua-Yi, Fan-Han, Zhonghua,
    　 the Chinese Nation
    (1) The Origin of the Name of China
    (2) The Meaning of Zhongguo and Hua-Yi
    　 During the Spring &. Autumn Period and
    　Warring States Period
    (3) The Evolution of the Meaning of Zhongguo
    　 and the Final Set Up of the Term
    (4) Intension and Extension of " Han" and
   　 " Fan-Han"
    (5) Evolution and Development of the Meaning
    　 of the Terms Zhonghua and the Chinese
    　 Nation
   Chapter Four Historical Position of Nomadic Ethnic Groups
   in China
    1. Historical Position of the Xiongnu (Hun)
   　 Nomadic Society
    (1) Historic Significance of the Xiongnu (Hun)
    　 Unifying Nomadic Areas in North China
    (2) The Formation of the Vast Farming Areas
    　and Nomadic Areas Inside and Outside of
    　 the Great Wall
    (3) Historical Position of the Xiongnu Nomadic
    　　 Society
    　 (4) Historical Connections Between Nomadic Society
    　　 and Farming Society
    2. Historic Significance of Setting Up Four Prefectures
    in the Hexi (Gansu) Corridor by the Western
    Han Government
    (1) Historical Background of Setting Up Four
    Prefectures in the Hexi Corridor
    (2) The Four Prefectures in the Hexi Corridor
    Helped to Bring About the Unification of
    Western Regions by the Han Dynasty
    (3) The Four Prefectures in the Hexi Corridor
    Helped to Bring About the Development of
    Communication Between China and the West
    (4) The Four Prefectures in the Hexi Corridor
    Helped to Bring About the Economic and
    Cultural Development in Northwest China
   Chapter Five Theories and Methods for the Study of the Chi-
    nese Nation
    1. A Good Beginning for the New Development of
    Ethnic Studies
    (1) Studies in the Chinese Nation is the Need of
    Times
    (2) A Probe into the Intension and Extension of
    the Chinese Nation
    (3) A Probe into the " Diversity" and " Unity" of
    the Chinese Nation
    2.The Origin and Development of the Theories of
    the Genesis of the Chinese Nation
    (1) From the Theory of One Origin to the Theory
    of Diversity in Unity
    (2) Archaeological Basis for the Theory of Diversity
    in Units
    (3) General Trends of the Development of the Chinese
    Civilization at Its Initial Stage
    (4) Compilation of Ancient Mythological
    System
    3.Traditional Concept of Ethnic Groups and
    the Concept of the Chinese Nation as a Whole
    (1) Traditional " Differentiation
    Yi (Han and Ethnic Minorities)"
    (2) The " Hua Guarding Against Yi" in the Pattern
    of a Unified Domain
    (3) The Chinese Nation Going from Spontaneous
    Development to Conscientiops Union
    4. Acknowledging differences and Seeking Common
   Ground in the Study of the Chinese Nation
   Postscript to the Second Edition