1 THE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROFESSION 1 1.1 OVERVIEW 1 1.2 WHAT ISENGINEERING? 4 1.3 WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS? 7 1.4 CAREER PATHS 26 1.5 TYPICAL PROGRAM OF STUDY 29 SUMMARY 33 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 33 PROBLEMS 34 REFERENCES 35 2 PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS 36 2.1 OVERVIEW 36 2.2 UNIT SYSTEMS AND CONVERSIONS 37 2.3 DIMENSIONAL CONSISTENCY 46 2.4 SIGNIFICANT DIGITS 49 2.5 AN ERROR OF UNITS ON THE WAY TO MARS 50 2.6 APPROXIMATION IN ENGINEERING 52 2.7 PROBLEM-SOLVING METHODOLOGY 55 SUMMARY 56 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 57 PROBLEMS 57 REFERENCES 60 3 MACHINE COMPONENTS AND TOOLS 61 3.1 OVERVIEW 61 3.2 ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS 62 3.3 FLEXIBLE SHAFT COUPLINGS 69 3.4 GEAR TYPES AND TERMINOLOGY 71 3.5 BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES 84 3.6 MACHINE TOOLS 87 SUMMARY 94 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 94 4 FORCES IN STRUCTURES AND FLUIDS 96 4.1 OVERVIEW 96 4.2 FORCES AND RESULTANTS 98 4.3 MOMENT OF A FORCE 105 4.4 EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES AND MOMENTS 111 4.5 BUOYANCY, DRAG, AND LIFT FORCES IN FLUIDS 118 SUMMARY 136 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 137 PROBLEMS 138 5 MATERIALS AND STRESSES 148 5.1 OVERVIEW 148 5.2 TENSION AND COMPRESSION 149 5.3 RESPONSE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS 153 5.4 SHEAR 166 5.5 FACTOR OFSAFETY 170 SUMMARY 171 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 173 PROBLEMS 173 6 THERMAL AND ENERGY SYSTEMS 180 6.1 OVERVIEW 180 6.2 MECHANICAL ENERGY, WORK, AND POWER 181 6.3 HEAT AS ENERGY IN TRANSIT 186 6.4 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND CONVERSION 194 6.5 HEAT ENGINES AND EFFICIENCY 204 6.6 CASE STUDY #1: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 209 6.7 CASE STUDY #2: ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION 218 6.8 CASE STUDY #3: JET ENGINES 224 SUMMARY 228 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 229 PROBLEMS 23O 7 MOTION OF MACHINERY 233 7.1 OVERVIEW 233 7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION 235 7.3 SPEED, TORQUE, AND POWER IN GEARSETS 239 7.4 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND GEARTRAINS 243 7.5 PLANETARY GEARTRAINS 247 7.6 ENGINE AND COMPRESSOR MECHANISMS 255 SUMMARY 258 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 259 PROBLEMS 259 8 MECHANICAL DESIGN 265 8.1 OVERVIEW 265 8.2 HIGH-LEVEL DESIGN PROCEDURE 266 8.3 CASE STUDY IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: MOUSETRAP-POWERED VEHICLES 271 8.4 CASE STUDY IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN: NONINVASIVE MEDICAL IMAGING 276 8.5 CASE STUDY IN MACHINE DESIGN: THE HYDRA-MATIC TRANSMISSION 284 8.6 PATENTS IN ENGINEERING 291 SUMMARY 294 SELF-STUDY AND REVIEW 294 PROBLEMS 295 REFERENCES 296 APPENDIX A GREEK ALPHABET 297 APPENDIX B REVIEW OF MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS 299 APPENDIX C PLANETARY GEARTRAINS 303 INDEX 307