Chapter 1 Why did the linguistics introduction 1.1 why study languages? 1.2 What is a language? 1.3 origins of essential 1.4 Origin of the language 1.5 functions of language 1.6 what is linguistics? 1.7 Main branch 1.8 macrolinguistics 1.9 important difference in linguistics Further reading Questions and exercises Chapter 2 speech sounds 2.1 speech pronunciation and perception 2.2 soeecg 2.3 ssegments,divergences,and phonetic transcription 2.4 consonants 2.5 vowels 2.6 coarticulation and phonetic transcription 2.7 ponological analysis 2.8 phonemes and allophones 2.9 phonological processes 2.10 distinctive features 2.11 syllables 2.12 stress Further reading Questions and exercises Chapter 3 lexicon Chapter 4 syntax Chapter 5 meaning Chapter 6 language processing in mind Chapter 7 language,culture,and society Chapter 8 language in use Chapter 9 language and literature Chapter 10 language and computer Chapter 11 linguistics and foreign language teaching Chapter 12 theories and schools of modern linguistics Bibliography Key to questions and exercises glossary and index
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