Proficient Writing 寫作篇 Part II Building Good Sentences Chapter Two Essential Qualities of Sentences Section 2 Some Basic Qualities of Sentences 1. Sentence Clarity 2. Sentence Unity 3. Sentence Coherence 4. Sentence Emphasis 5. Sentence Euphony 6. Sentence Strength Chapter Three Producing Effective Sentences Section 1 Working on Readability 4. Being Forceful Section 2 Manipulating Syntactic Structures for Sentence Coherence 1. Coordinating to Relate Equal Ideas 2. Subordinating to Distinguish the Main Idea 3. Choosing Clear Connectors 4. Using Parallelism Section 3 Emphasizing Main Ideas 1. Arranging Ideas Effectively 2. Repeating Ideas 3. Separating Ideas 4. Preferring the Active Voice to the Passive Voice Section 4 Being Concise 1. Cutting Empty Words and Phrases 2. Avoiding Unnecessary Repetition 3. Simplifying Word Groups and Sentences 4. Changing Negatives into Affirmatives Section 5 Achieving Variety 1. Varying Sentence Length and Emphasis 2. Varying Sentence Beginnings 4. Varying Simple Sentences Part III Composing Peerless Paragraphs Chapter Four Essential Qualities of Paragraphs Section 1 Making the Topic Clear Section 2 Maintaining Paragraph Unity 2. Putting the Topic Sentence in the Best Place Section 3 Achieving Paragraph Coherence 1. Organizing the Paragraph 2. Using Parallel Structures 3. Repeating and Restating Words and Word Groups 4. Using Pronouns as Transitions 5. Using Synonyms as Transitions 6. Being Consistent 7. Using Formal Transitional Expressions Chapter Five Developing Effective Paragraphs Section 1 Developing the Paragraph Fully Section 2 Choosing a Pattern of Development Part IV Constructing Strong Essays Chapter Six Writing Special Paragraphs Section 1 Opening an Essay Section 2 Closing an Essay Chapter Seven Convincing the Audience Section 1 Adopting a Reasonable Tone Section 2 Selecting an Appropriate Style Section 3 Making Assertions Believable Section 4 Supporting the Assertions Section 5 Reasoning Effectively Part V Taking Advantage of Punctuations Chapter Eight The Functions of Punctuations Section 1 The Exclamation Point ! Section 2 The Comma , Section 3 The Semicolon ; Section 4 The Colon : Section 6 Parentheses Section 7 The Dash -- Section 8 Quotation Marks and'' Proficient Translation 翻譯篇 第一章 詞語的翻譯 二. 詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換 三. 增詞與省略 四. 四字詞組的翻譯 五. 直譯與意譯 異化與歸化 第二章 句子的翻譯 一. 主語的翻譯 二. 定語的翻譯 三. 狀語的翻譯 四. 被動語態(tài)的翻譯 五. 正反互譯 六. 修辭重現(xiàn) 第三章 篇章的翻譯 一. 照應(yīng) 二. 銜接 三. 以段落為語篇翻譯的基礎(chǔ) 五. 洋為中用適時轉(zhuǎn)換語篇模式 第四章 長句的翻譯 一. 長句的翻譯方法 二. 名詞性從句的翻譯 三. 定語從句的翻譯 四. 狀語從句的翻譯 第五章 不同文體的翻譯 一. 法律文件的翻譯 二. 文學(xué)的翻譯 三. 旅游材料的翻譯 四. 新聞報道的翻譯 五. 會話的翻譯 六. 論文摘要的翻譯 七. 應(yīng)用文的翻譯 八. 有中國特色的文章的翻譯
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