Preface Introduction The Effects and Related Problems of Large Scale Testing Zhang Houcan Part 1 Isues Auatralia 1.Internal-consistency Reliability Measures for a Test Comprising Three Modes of Assessment:Multiple-choice Questions,Constructed-response Questions and Extended Writing J.E.O'Brien,J.A.Pitman and G.N.Matters 2.Quality Assurance in Educational Testing John Izard Canada 3.Estimating Essay Rating Reliability in Large Scale International Assessment:Combining Experimental Design and Raters'Resampling China 4.Large Scal Social Examinations and Changes of Public Attitude Towards Diploma Bina Xingchan 5.Reliability Estimation for Criterion-referenced Test Chen Xizhen 6.Testing and Social Development Liang Guangshan 7.A Strdy of Testing the Ability to Perform Experiment in Physics Lin MuXin,Xiong Yuqing,Liang Huanan,Xu Kengquan and He Baopeng 8.Basic Principles of Large Scale Examinations and Their Applications Lin Xin …… Part 2 Practice