OUTIANE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I RESEARCH REFERENCES XIII TABLE OF CASES XVII Introduction 1 PART I. PATENTS Chapter 1. The Foundations of Patent Protection Sec. 1.1 Origins and Development of United States Patent Law 1.2 Patent Basics 1.3 The Two Theories of Patent Protection Chapter 2. The Subject Matter of Patents 2.1 Ideas v. Applications 2.2 The Statutory Scheme 2.3 Processes as Subject Matter Apart From Products 2.4 The Boundaries of the Three Product Categories 2.5 Compositions of Matter 2.6 Manufacture 2.7 Machines 2.8 Computer-Related Patents 2.9 Orphan Drug Act 2.10 Plant and Design Patents Chapter 3. Patentability--Novelty and Statutory Bar 3.1 Overview 3.2 Foreign Anticipation 3.3 Domestic Anticipation 3.4 References to Prior Publications 3.5 Substantial and Realized Anticipation 3.6 Statutory Bar 3.7 The Policies of Statutory Bar 3.8 Publicity and Limited Disclosures 3.9 Competing Claims to Novelty by Two or More Inventors-Priority Chapter 4. Patentability--Utility 4.1 Qualitative Utility 4.2 Presumed Utility Chapter 5. Patentability--Nonobviousness 5.1 Overview 5.2 Invention and Nonobviousness 5.3 Negative Rules of Invention 5.4 The Statutory Test 5.5 Nonobviousness and Novelty 5.6 The Secondary Considerations 5.7 The Importation of Section 102 Prior Art into Section 103 Chapter 6. Double-Patenting 6.1 Attempts to Extend the Patent Monopoly 6.2 Terminal Disclaimer Chapter 7. The Patenting Process Chapter 8. Infringement Chapter 9. Remedies Chapter 10. Patent Law and the Intersec-tion of State and Federal Regulation Chapter 11. The Foundations of Trad-mark Protection Chapter 12. Distinctiveness Chapter 13. Dilution and the Expansion of Trademark Doctrine Chapter 14. Loss of Trademark Protec-tion and Partial Protection Chapter 15. Trademark Practice Chapter 16. Subject Matter Chapter 17. Infringement Chapter 18. Remedies 19.1 Origins and Development of Copyright Law Chapter 20. The Subject Matter of Copy-right Chapter 21. Exclusive Rights Chapter 22. Infringement Chapter 23. Fair Use Chapter 24. Ownership Chapter 25. Formal Requirements Chapter 26. Remedies Chapter 27. Copyright Laws and the In- tersection of State and Federal Regu- lation Chapter 28. International Agreements