Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Anne Dacier:from the introduction to her translation of the Iliad 1 The role of ideology in the shaping of a translation Flaccus Quintus Horatius:from the "Letter to the Pisones,"also known as the Ars Poetica Aurelius Augusitinus:from "On the Christian Doctrine";from the "Letter to Saint Jerome" Martin Luther:from the "Circular Letter on Translation" August Wilhelm Schlegel:from the "History of Romantic Literature" Anne Louise Germaine de Stael:from the Writtings Victor Hugo:from the preface to the New Shakespeare Translation 2 The power of patronage John of Ttevisa:from the "Dialogue between a Lord and a Clerk upon Translation",printed as the preface to his translation of the Polychronicon Jean de Breche,called de Tours:from the preface to his translation of Hippocrates …… 3 Poetics 4 Universe of Discourse 5 Translation,the development of language,and education 6 The technique of translating 7 Central texts and central cultures 8 Longer statements Bibliographical references Index Victor