3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Density 51 3.3 Melting Point 55 3.4 Specific Heat 55 3.5 Thermal Conductivity 55 3.6 Thermal Expansion 56 3.7 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties 57 3.8 Corrosion Resistance 58 4 Metal Alloys Structure and Cast Irons 63
4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 Structure of Alloys 64 4.3 The IronCarbon System 67 4.4 Cast Irons 69 5 Ferrous Metals and Alloys 75
5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Production of Iron and Steel 76 5.3 Carbon and Alloy Steels 79 5.4 Tool and Die Steels 82 6 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 85
10.1 Introduction 157 10.2 OpenDie Forging 159 10.3 ImpressionDie and ClosenDie Forging 161 10.4 Extrusion and Drawing 164
11 Processing of Powder Metallurgy 169
11.1 Introduction 169 11.2 Production of Metal Powders 171 11.3 Compaction of Metal Powders 176 11.4 Sintering 177 11.5 Process Capabilities 180 11.6 Economics of Powder Metallurgy 181
12 Forming and Shaping Plastics and Composite Materials 183
13.1 Introduction 191 13.2 Additive Processes 192 13.3 Applications of RapidPrototyping Technology 200 PART Ⅲ MaterialRemoval Processes and Machines
14 Fundamentals of Cutting 211
14.1 Introduction 211 14.2 The Mechanics of Chip Formation 214 14.3 The Types of Chips Produced In MetalCutting 216 14.4 Cutting Forces and Power 218 14.5 Tool Life: Wear and Failure 222 14.6 Surface Finish and Surface Integrity 225 14.7 Machinability 227