Preface VII PART0NE INTRODUCTIOI CHAPTER I Basic Concepts and Terminology 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Block Diagrams and Transfer Functions 1.3 Open-Loop Control 1.4 Closed-Loop Control: Feedback 1.5 Control System Drawings 1.6 Nonlinearities 1.7 Benefits of Automatic Control 1.8 Load Changes 1.9 Damping and Instability 1.11 Criteria of Good Control 1.12 Block Diagram Simplification CHAPTER 2 Types of Control 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Analog and Digital Control 2.3 Regulator and Follow-Up Systems 2.4 Process Control 2.5 Servomechanisms 2.6 Sequential Control 2.7 Numerical Control 2.8 Robotics Contents 2.9 The Evolution of Control Systems 2.10 Examples of Control Systems CHAPTER 3 The Common Elements of System Components 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Electrical Elements 3.3 Liquid Flow Elements 3.4 Gas Flow Elements 3.5 Thermal Elements 3.6 Mechanical Elements CHAPTER 4 Laplace Transforms and Transfer Functions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Input/Output Relationships 4.3 Laplace Transforms 4.4 Inverse Laplace Transforms 4.5 Transfer Functions 4.6 Initial and Final Value Theorems 4.7 Frequency Response: Bode Plots PARTTW0 MEASUREMENT CHAPTER 5 Measuring Instrument Characteristics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Statistics 5.3 Operating Characteristics 5.4 Static Characteristics 5.5 Dynamic Characteristics 5.6 Selection Criteria CHAPTER 6 Signal Conditioning 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Operational Amplifier 6,3 Op-Amp Circuits 6.4 Analog Signal Conditioning 6.5 Digital Signaling Conditioning CHAPTER 7 Position, Motion, and Force Sensors 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Position and Displacement Measurement Contents 7.3 Velocity Measurement 7.4 Acceleration Measurement 7.5 Force Measurement CHAPTER 8 Process Variable Sensors 8.1 Temperature Measurement 8.2 Flow Rate Measurement 8.3 Pressure Measurement 8.4 Liquid Level Measurement PARTTHREE MANIPULATK CHAPTER 9 Switches, Actuators, Valves, and Heaters 9.1 Mechanical Switching Components 9.2 Solid-State Components 9.3 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Valves and Actuators 9.4 Control Valves 9.5 Electric Heating Elements CHAPTER I0 Electric Motors 10.1 Introduction 10.2 AC Motors 10.3 DC Motors 10.4 Stepping Motors 10.5 AC Adjustable-Speed Drives 10.6 DC Motor Amplifiers and Drives PARTFOUR CONTR CHAPTER 11 Control of Discrete Processes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Time-Driven Sequential Processes 11.3 Event-Driven Sequential Processes 11.4 Time/Event-Driven Sequential Processes CHAPTER 12 Programmable Logic Controllers 12.1 Introduction 12.2 PLC Hardwarev Contents 12.3 PLC Programming and Operation 12.4 PLC Programming Functions CHAPTER 13 Control of Continuous Processes 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Modes of Control 13.3 Electronic Analog Controllers 13.4 Digital Controllers 13.5 Advanced Control 13.6 Fuzzy Logic Controllers PARTFIVE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CHAPTER 14 Process Characteristics 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The Integral or Ramp Process 14.3 The First-Order Lag Process 14.4 The Second-Order Lag Process 14.5 The Dead-Time Process 14.6 The First-Order Lag Plus Dead-Time Process CHAPTER 15 Methods of Analysis 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Overall Bode Diagram of Several Components 15.3 Open-Loop Bode Diagrams 15.4 Closed-Loop Bode Diagrams 15.5 Error Ratio and Deviation Ratio 15.6 Computer-Aided Bode Plots 15.7 Stability 15.8 Gain and Phase Margin 15.9 Nyquist Stability Criterion 15.10 Root Locus CHAPTER 16 Controller Design 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The Ultimate Cycle Method 16.3 The Process Reaction Method 16.4 Self-Tuning Adaptive Controllers 16.5 Computer-Aided PID Controller Design 16.6 Example Design of a Three-Loop Control System 16.7 Control System Compensation Contents APPENDIX A Properties at Materials Properties of Solids Melting Point and Latent Heat of Fusion Properties of Liquids Properties of Gases Standard Atmospheric Conditions APPENDIX B Units and Conversion Systems of Units Conversion Factors APPENDIX C Binary Codes Powers of 2 Octal and Binary Equivalents Decimal, Hexadecimal, and Binary Equivalents One's and Two's Complements The Gray Code Binary Codes for Decimal Digits Seven-Bit ASCII Code APPENDIX D Instrumentation Symbols and Identification Purpose Scope Definition Outline of the Identification System APPENDIX E Complex Numbers Introduction Rectangular and Polar Forms of Complex Numbers Conversion of Complex Numbers Graphical Representation of Complex Numbers Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers Multiplication and Division of Complex Numbers Integer Power of a Complex Number Roots of a Complex Number APPENDIX F Communications Communication Interfaces Local Area Networks Communication Protocols
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