General Editors Preface Authors Acknowledgements Publishers Acknowledgements Introduction Section I： What is motivation? Main challenges of motivation research The challenge of consciousness vs unconsciousness The challenge of cognition vs affect The challenge of reduction vs comprehensiveness The challenge of parallel multiplicity The challenge of context The challenge of time Theories of motivation in psychology Leading motivation theories in psychology Sociocultural and contextual influences on behaviour The temporal dimension of motivation Motivation to learn a foreign/second language Gardners motivation theory Expectancy-value theories in L2 motivation research Self-determination theory， and L2 motivation Schumanns neurobiological model Constructs emerging from empirical studies L2 motivation and the social context The temporal dimension of L2 motivation D6rnyei and Ott6s process model of L2 motivation Section I1： Motivation and language teaching Education-friendly approaches in motivation research The educational shift in L2 motivation research Educationally motivated constructs Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom Motivational techniques， strategies and macrostrategies A framework for motivational strategies Motivational macrostrategies Student demotivation Demotivation vs motivation Research on demotivation in instructional communication studies Findings in L2 motivation research Concluding remarks on demotivation Teacher motivation Conceptualising the motivation to teach The relationship between teacher motivation and student motivation Section II1： Researching motivation Making motivation a researchable concept Inherent problems in motivation research Initial decisions to make Methodological issues and considerations Research design Self-report motivation tests/questionnaires Main types of L2 motivation research Survey studies Factor analytical studies Correlational studies Studies using structural equation modelling (LISREL) Experimental studies Qualitative studies Towards a combined use of quantitative and qualitative studies Section IV： Resources and further information The locus of motivation research： Linkages to other topics and disciplines Language-learning motivation and related disciplines in the social sciences The place of motivation research in applied linguistics Sources and resources Relevant journals and magazines Databases， abstracting journals and discussion groups Sample tests and measurement instruments References Author Index Subject Index
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