Preface part one Communication and Intercultural Competence 1 Introduction to Intercultural Competence The Imperative for Intercultural Competence The Economic Imperative for Intercultural Competence The Technological Imperative for Intercultural Competence The Demographic Imperative for Intercultural Competence The Peace Imperative for Intercultural Competence Communication Defining Communication Characteristics of Communication Interpersonal Communication The Challenge of Communicating in an Intercultural World Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 2 Culture and Intercultural Communication Culture Defining Culture for the Study of Communication Culture and Related Terms Why Cultures Differ Forces That Maintain Cultural Differences The Interrelatedness of Cultural Forces Intercultural Communication Examples of Intercultural Interactions Similarities and Differences between Communicators Definition of Intercultural Communication Intercultural Communication and Related Terms Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 3 Intercultural Communication Competence The United States as an Intercultural Community Metaphors of U.S. Cultural Diversity What Do You Call Someone from the United States of America? Cultural Groups in the United States Competence and Intercultural Communication Intercultural Communication Competence The Components of Intercultural Competence Basic Tools for Improving Intercultural Competence The BASICs of Intercultural Competence Description, Interpretation, and Evaluation Summary For Discussion For Further Reading part two Cultural Differences in Communication 4 Cultural Patterns and Communication! Foundations Defining Cultural Patterns Components of Cultural Patterns Beliefs Values Norms Social Practices Characteristics of Cultural Patterns The Functions of Cultural Patterns An Overview of Cultural Patterns Cultural Patterns and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 5 Cultural Patterns and Communication: Taxonomies Hall's High-and Low-Context Cultural Taxonomy Use of Covert and Overt Messages Importance of Ingroups and Outgroups Orientation to Time Hofstede's Cultural Taxonomy Individualism versus Collectivism Uncertainty Avoidance Power Distance Masculinity versus Femininity Long-Term versus Short-Term Time Orientation Comparing Hofs.tede's Five Dimensions Confucian Cultural Patterns Cultural Taxonomies and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 6 Cultural Identity, Cultural Biases, and Intercultural Contact Cultural Identity The Nature of Identity The Formation of Cultural Identity Characteristics of Cultural Identity Cultural Biases Social Categorizing Ethnocentrism Stereotyping Prejudice Discrimination Racism Intercultural Contact Dominance and Subordination between Groups Attitudes among Cultural Members Outcomes of Intercultural Contact Becoming an Interculturally Competent Communicator Identity, Biases, Contact, and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading part three Coding Intercultural Communication 7 Verbal Intercultural Communication The Power of Language in Intercultural Communication Definition of Verbal Codes The Features of Language Rule-Systems in Verbal Codes Interpretation and Intercultural Communication Language, Thought, Culture, and Intercultural Communication The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity Language and Intercultural Communication Verbal Codes and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 8 Nonverbal Intercultural Communication Definition of Nonverbal Codes Characteristics of Nonverbal Codes Relationship of Nonverbal to Verbal Communication Cultural Universals in Nonverbal Communication Cultural Variations in Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Messages in Intercultural Communication Body Movements Space Touch Time Voice Other Nonverbal Code Systems Synchrony of Nonverbal Communication Codes Nonverbal Communication and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 9 The Effects of Code Usage in Intercultural Communication Preferences in the Organization of Verbal Codes Organizational Preferences in the Use of U.S. English Organizational Preferences in Other Languages and Cultures Cultural Variations in Persuasion Persuasion in Intercultural Encounters Cultural Differences in What Is Acceptable as Evidence Cultural Differences in What Is Considered Reasonable Cultural Differences in Styles of Persuasion Cultural Variations in the Structure of Conversations Value of Talk and Silence Rules for Conversations Effects of Code Usage on Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading part four Communication in Intercultural Relationships 10 Intercultural Competence in Interpersonal Relationships Cultural Variations in Interpersonal Relationships Types of Interpersonal Relationships Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships The Maintenance of Face in Interpersonal Relationships Types of Face Needs Facework and Interpersonal Communication Facework and Intercultural Communication Improving Intercultural Relationships Learning about People from Other Cultures Sharing Oneself with People from Other Cultures Handling Differences in Intercultural Relationships Interpersonal Relationships and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 11 Episodes, Contexts, and Intercultural Interactions Social Episodes in Intercultural Relationships The Nature of Social Episodes Components of Social Episodes Contexts for Intercultural Communication The Health Care Context The Educational Context The Business Context Episodes, Contexts, and Intercultural Competence Summary For Discussion For Further Reading 12 The Potential for Intercultural Competence The Ethics of Intercultural Competence When in Rome... Are Cultural Values Relative or Universal? Do the Ends Justify the Means? Ethics--Your Choices The Perils and Prospects for Intercultural Competence Impact of National and International Events on Intercultural Communication Forces That Pull Us Together and Apart Summary Concluding Remarks For Discussion For Further Reading Resources Intercultural Films Online Resources Notes Photo Credits Text Credits Author Index Subject Index Preface