Major Contributors Preface The Guide to Use This Book Part Ⅰ Genes,Neurons and Neurotransmission Chapter 1 Genes and Neurons Chapter 2 Synapses:Coupling of Presynaptic Voltage-gated Ca2+ Channels to Vesicular Release of Neurotransmitter Chapter 3 Synaptic Vesicle Cycle at Nerve Terminals Part Ⅱ Glutamate,Excitatory Transmission and Pain Chapter 4 Postsynaptic Excitatory Transmission Chapter 5 Kainate Receptors Chapter 6 Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Regulation Chapter 7 Spinal Glutamate Receptors Chapter 8 Glutamate Kainate Receptor in Pain Transmission and Modulation Part Ⅲ Neuropeptides,ATP,Retrograde Messengers and OpiOids Chapter 9 Neuropeptides Chapter 10 ATPandItsReceptorsinPain Chapter 11 Opioid Receptors Chapter 12 Retrograde Messengers Part Ⅳ Inhibitory Transmission and Plasticity Chapter 13 Inhibitory Transmission Chapter 14 Plastic@of Inhibition;GABA/glycine Systems Part Ⅴ Postsynaptic Signaling and Gene Regulation Chapter 15 Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Chapter 16 Activity-dependent Gene Regulation: How Do SynapsesTalktotheNucleusand Fine-tune Neuronal Outputs? Chapter 17 Second Messenger Pathways in Pain Chapter 18 Genetic Approaches for the Study of Pain Part Ⅵ Peripheral Nocieeptor,Amygdala and Fear Chapter 19 Peripheral Nociceptors Chapter 20 Amygdala-Pain Processing and Pain Modulation Chapter 21 Fear Learning Part Ⅶ Spinal Plasticity,Reorganization and Chronic Pain Chapter 22 Silent Glutamatergic Synapses and Long-term Facilitation in Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons Chapter 24 Spinal Microglia in Neuropathic Pain Plasticity Part Ⅷ Cortical Plasticity,Reorganization and Amputation Chapter 25 ACC Plasticity Chapter 26 Reorganization of the Sensorimotor System after Injury Part Ⅸ Endogenous Analgesia and Other Form of Analgesia Chapter 27 Endogenous Biphasic Modulation Chapter 28 Paradoxical Analgesic and Hyperalgesic Efrects of Stress Chapter 29 Acupuncture Analgesia Chapter 30 Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance Part Ⅹ Models for Studying Pain and Searching for Pain Killers Chapter 31 Models in Pain Research Chapter 32 Models for Studying Pain and Searching for Pain Killers in Vitro Electrophysiological Studies ofPain Chapter 33 Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording in Vivo Chapter 34 Basic Mechanisms of ClinicaUy Used Drugs Selected References Appendix Ⅰ Units in Pain Reaearch Appendix Ⅱ Useful Wlebsites for the Study of Pain Appendix Ⅲ List of Scientific Journals Publishing Studies in Pain Appendix Ⅳ Fundamental and Innovative Contribution to Understanding of Basic Mechanism of Pain,Analgesia and Persistent Pain