Chapter 1 Introduction to Environmental Microbiology 1.1 Introduction 1.2 An Historical Perspective 1.3 Modem Environmental Microbiology 1.4 Purpose and Organization of This Text Chapter 2 Microorganisms in the Environment 2.1 Viruses 2.2 Bacteria 2.3 Fungi 2.4 Algae 2.5 Protozoa Chapter 3 Bacterial Growth 3.1 Growth in Pure Culture in a Flask 3.2 Continuous Culture 3.3 Growth under Aerobic Conditions 3.4 Growth under Anaerobic Conditions 3.5 Growth in the Environment Chapter 4 Terrestrial Environments 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Porous Media 4.3 Soil and Subsurface Environments 4.4 General Characteristics of Microorganisms in Porous Media 4.5 Microbial Activities in Porous Media 4.6 Microorganisms in Surface Soils 4.7 Microorganisms in Shallow Subsurface Environments 4.8 Microorganisms in Deep Subsurface Environments Chapter 5 Aquatic and Extreme Environments 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Microbial Habitats in the Aquatic Environment 5.3 Aquatic Environments 5.4 Environmental Determinants That Govern Extreme Environments 5.5 Aquatic Microbes in the News Chapter 6 Aeromicrobiology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Important Airborne Pathogens 6.3 Important Airborne Toxins 6.4 Nature of Bioaerosols 6.5 The Atmosphere 6.6 Aeromicrobiological Pathway 6.7 Sampling Devices for the Collection of Bioaerosols 6.8 Microbial Survival in the Air 6.9 Extramural Aeromicrobiology 6.10 Intramural Aeromicrobiology 6.11 Bioaerosol Control 6.12 Biosafety in the Laboratory 6.13 Other Areas of Interest Chapter 7 Microbial Transport 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Factors Affecting Microbial Transport 7.3 Factors Affecting Transport of DNA 7.4 Novel Approaches to Facilitate Microbial Transport 7.5 Methodology for Studying Transport 7.6 Models for Microbial Transport Chapter 8 Cultural Methods 8.1 Cultural Methods for Enumeration of Bacteria 8.2 Cultural Media for Bacteria 8.3 Cultural Methods for Fungi 8.4 Cultural Methods for Algae and Cyanobacteria 8.5 Cell Culture-Based Detection Methods for Viruses Chapter 9 Biogeoehemieal Cycling 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Carbon Cycle 9.3 Nitrogen Cycle 9.4 Sulfur Cycle Chapter 10 Microorganisms and Organic Pollutants 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Environmental Law 10.3 The Overall Process of Biodegradation 10.4 Relationship between Contaminant Structure, Toxicity, and Biodegradability 10.5 Environmental Factors Affecting Biodegradation 10.6 Biodegradation of Organic Pollutants 10.7 Bioremediation Chapter 11 Microorganisms and Metal Pollutants 11.1 Cause for Concern 11.2 Metals Defined 11.3 Sources of Metals 11.4 Metal Bioavailability in the Environment 11.5 Metal Toxicity Effects on the Microbial Cell 11.6 Mechanisms of Microbial Metal Resistance and Detoxification 11.7 Methods for Studying Metal-Microbial Interactions 11.8 Adverse Effects of Microbial Metal Transformations 11.9 The Benefits of Metal-Microbial Interactions 11.10 Physical/Chemical Methods of Metal Remediation 11.11 Innovative Microbial Approaches in the Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils and Sediments 11.12 Innovative Microbial Approaches in the Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Aquatic Systems Chapter 12 Indicator Microorganisms 12.1 The Concept of Indicator Organisms 12.2 Total Coliforms 12.3 Fecal Coliforms 12.4 Fecal Streptococci 12.5 Clostridium perfringens 12.6 Heterotrophic Plate Count 12.7 Bacteriophage 12.8 Other Indicator Organisms 12.9 Standards and Criteria for Indicators Chapter 13 Nucleic Acid-Based Methods of Analysis 13.1 Structure and Complementarity of Nucleic Acids 13.2 Obtaining Microbial Nucleic Acids from the Environment 13.3 Nucleic Acid-Based Methods Chapter 14 Domestic Wastes and Waste Treatment 14.1 Domestic Wastewater 14.2 Modem Wastewater Treatment 14.3 Oxidation Ponds 14.4 Septic Tanks 14.5 Land Application of Wastewater 14.6 Wetlands and Aquaculture Systems 14.7 Solid Waste Chapter 15 Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution 15.1 Water Treatment Processes 15.2 Water Distribution Systems 15.3 Assimilable Organic Carbon
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