Part 1 Background Chapter 1 Introduction to Databases Chapter Objectives Structure of this Chapter 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Traditional File-Based Systems 1.2.1 File-Based Approach 1.2.2 Limitations of the File-Based Approach 1.3 Database Approach 1.3.1 The Database 1.3.2 The Database Management System (DBMS) 1.3.3 (Database) Application Programs 1.3.4 Components of the DBMS Environment 1.3.5 Database Design: The Paradigm Shift 1.4 Roles in the Database Environment 1.4.1 Data and Database Administrators 1.4.2 Database Designers 1.4.3 Application Developers 1.4.4 End-Users 1.5 History of Database Management Systems 1.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMSs Chapter Summary Review Questions Exercises Chapter2 Database Environment Chapter Objectives Structure of this Chapter 2.1 The Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture 2.1.1 Extemal Level 2.1.2 Conceptual Level 2.1.3 Intemal Level 2.1.4 Schemas, Mappings, and Instances 2.1.5 Data Independence 2.2 Database Languages 2.2.1 The Data Definition Language(DDL) 2.2.2 The Data Manipulation Language (DML) 2.2.3 Fourth-Generation Languages(4GLs) 2.3 Data Models and Conceptual Modeling 2.3.1 Object-Based Data Models 2.3.2 Record-Based Data Models 2.3.3 Physical Data Models 2.3.4 Conceptual Modeling 2.4 Functions of a DBMS 2.5 Components of a DBMS 2.6 Multi-User DBMS Architectures 2.6.1 Teleprocessing 2.6.2 File-Server Architecture 2.6.3 Traditional Two-Tier Client-Server Architecture 2.6.4 Three-Tier Client-Server Architecture …… Part 2 The Relational Model and Languages Part 3 Database Analysls and Design Techniques Part 4 Methodology Part 5 Selected Database Issues Part 6 Distributed DBMSs and Replication Part 7 Object DBMSs Part 8 Web and DBMSs Part 9 Business Intelligence Appendices