英語口語探索

Chapter 1 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF APPROACHES ASSOCIATED WITH ORAL ENGLISH TEACHING
1.1 Direct Method （1）
1.2 Oral Approach （4）
1.3 Audiolingual Method （7）
1.4 Communicative Approach （ 11 ）
Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH
2.1 Nature of Speaking （14）
2.2 Reasons for Speaking （16）
2.3 Comparisons between Spoken and Written Language （ 18 ）
2.4 Reasons for Teaching Speaking （27）
2.5 Colloquial English Competence （28）
Chapter 3 FACTORS INVOLVED IN SPEAKING ENGLISH COMPETENTLY
3.1 Characteristics of a Successful Speaking Activity （31）
3.2 Error-correction （33）
3.3 Motivation （42）
3.4 Managing Interaction （74）
3.5 Communication Strategies （77）
3.6 Aural Medium （79）
3.7 Socio-cuhural Factors （80）
3.8 Affective Factors （82）
3.9 Classroom Atmosphere （83）
Chapter 4 PROBLEMS WITH COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH TEACHING AT PRESENT
4.1 Problems Exposed in Oral Test （92）
4.2 Problems with Speaking Activities （93）
4.3 Problems in Teaching Colloquial English （94）
Chapter 5 DESIGNING SPEAKING ACTIVITIES IN THE CLASSROOM
5.1 Selecting Spoken Texts （96）
5.2 Methodology in Teaching Colloquial English （104）
5.3 Types of Activities in English Speaking Classroom （153）
5.4 Encouraging Students to Speak English out of Class （ 171 ）
Chapter 6 ASSESSING SPEAKING ACTIVITIES IN THE CLASSROOM
6.1 Diagnostic Assessment （192）
6.2 Formative Assessment （196）
6.3 Achievement and Summary Assessment （197）
6.4 Criterion-referenced and Norm-referenced Assessment （197）
6.5 Assessment Principles （199）
Chapter 7 FOCUSING ON FLUENCY OR ACCURACY
7.1 Scale of Oral Testing Criteria （202）
7.2 Developing Fluency or Accuracy （203）
7.3 Fluency-based Activities （206）
7.4 Accuracy-based Activities （220）
Abbreviations Used in This Book （225）
Bibliography （226）