Preface 1. Introduction： Alternative Perspectives on National Security Peter J. Katzenstein Why Traditional National Security Issues? Existing Analytical Perspectives Cultural-Institutional Context and Political Identity Why Bother? 2. Norms， Identity， and Culture in National Security Ronald L. Jepperson， Alexander Wendt， and Peter J. Katzenstein Analytical Context Theoretical Perspectives Arguments Methodological and Metatheoretic Matters Extension and Conclusion PART 1. Norms and National Security 3. Status， Norms， and the Proliferation of Conventional Weapons： An Institutional Theory Approach Dana P. Eyre and Mark C. Suchman Standard Explanations for the Proliferation of Weaponry An Alternative Perspective： Obligatory Action and an Institutional Theory of Weapons Proliferation Hypotheses Research Design， Data， and Methods of Analysis Results 4. Norms and Deterrence： The Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Taboos Richard Price and Nina Tannenwald The Social Construction of Deterrence The Chemical Weapons Taboo The Non-use of Nuclear Weapons Norms， Constructivism， and Explanation 5. Constructing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention Martha Finnemore Using Norms to Understand International Politics Humanitarian Intervention in the Nineteenth Century The Expansion of "Humanity" and Sovereignty Humanitarian Intervention Since 1945 6. Culture and French Military Doctrine Before World WarII Hizabeth Kier Alternative Explanations The Cultural Roots of Doctrinal Decisions The Cultural Roots of French Doctrine 7. Cultural Realism and Strategy in Maoist China Alastair lain Johnston Why China? Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues The Maoist Central Paradigm Strategic Preference Rankings Chinese Conflict Behavior Problems of Analysis PART 2. Identity and National Security 8. Identity， Norms， and National Security： The Soviet Foreign Policy Revolution and the End of the Cold War Robert G. Herman Realist and Liberal Explanations I he Empirical Case BacktOthe Future? 9．Norms，Identity，and National Security in Germany and Japan Thomas U．Berger Deficiencies ofStructurai Accounts The Concept ofPolitical．Military Culture The Origins ofthe New Political—Military Cultures The Evolution ofthe Two Political—Military Cultures The Evolution ofGerman and Japanese Security Policies 10．CoUective Identity in a Democratic Community： TheCase ofNATO Thomas Risse—Kappen The Puzzle Theorizing About Alliances A Liberal Interpretation ofthe Transatlantic Security Community Conclusions：HOW Unique Is NATO? 11．Identity and AIliances i11 the Middle East Michael N．Barnett Identity and AIliance Formation Identity and Alliances in Arab Politics U S—Israeli Relations PART 3．ImplicationsandConclusions 12．Norms，Identity，and Their Limits：A Theoretical Reprise Paul Kowert and Jeffrey Legro HOW Norms Matter The Sources ofNorms Challenges in the Study ofNorms 13．Conclusion：National Security in a Changing W0rld Peter T．Katzenstein Realism and LiberaIism Summary and Extensions Going Beyond Traditional National Security Studies America in a Changing World Index
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