Part One Basic Theories of Translation A Brief Discussion of Translation 1.1 The Origin, Development and Function of Translation 1.2 Definition of Translation 1.3 Principles for Translation Major Translation Approaches 2.1 Literal Translation Approach 2.2 Liberal Translation Approach 2.3 Literal-plus-liberal Translation Approach 2.4 Conclusion The Process of Translation 3.1 On the Process of Translation 3.2 Comprehension and Reproduction of the SLT at the Macrolevel 3.3 Comprehension and Reproduction of the SLT at the Microlevel 3.4 Improvement of the TLT The Reality of the Translators Subjectivity 4 The Reality of the Translators Subjectivity 4.1 Subjectivity and the Translators Subjectivity 4.2 Translators as Human Beings 4.3 Translator-Centeredness 4.4 Different Versions of the Same Literary Work 4.5 Machine Translation 5 The Translators Exertion of Subjectivity 5.1 The Necessity of the Translators Exertion of Subjectivity 5.2 The Requirements for the Translators Exertion of Subjectivity 5.3 Manifestations of the Translators Exertion of Subjectivity 5.4 Restrictions of the Translators Exertion of Subjectivity 6 Context and Wording in Translation (Ⅰ) 6.1 Towards Context 6.2 Context for Translation 6.3 Wording in Translation 7 Context and Wording in Transation?。á颍?br />7.1 Context as a Determiner of Wording 7.2 Intra-lingual Context and Wording Part Two Major Translation Techniques 8 Conversion of Parts of Speech 8.1 Conversion of English Nouns Into Chinese Verbs and Vice Versa 8.2 Conversion of English Prepositions Into Chinese Verbs and Vice Versa 8.3 Conversion of English Adjectives Into Chinese Verbs and Vice Versa 8.4 Conversion of English Adjectives Into Chinese Adverbs and Vice Versa 8.5 Conversion of English Adverbs Into Chinese Verbs and Vice Versa 8.6 Conversion of English Nouns Into Chinese Adjectives and Vice Versa 9 Addition of Proper Words 9.1 Addition of Proper Words Based on the Content 9.2 Addition of Proper Words Based on the Form 10 Proper Omission of Words 10.1 Proper Omission of Words in the Light of the Content 10.2 Proper Omission of Words in the Light of the Form 11 Translation of Affirmative Sentences Into Sentences Containing Negators or Phrases With Negators and Vice Versa 11.1 Translation of Affirmative Sentences Into Sentences Containing Negators or Phrases With Negators 11.2 Translation of Sentences Containing Negators or Phrases With Negators Into Affirmative Sentences 12 Conversion of Active Sentences Into Passive Ones and Vice Versa 12.1 Application of This Conversion Technique to English-Chinese Translation 12.2 Application of This Conversion Technique to Chinese-English Translation 13 Application of "Expansion and Division" to Translation 13.1 Application of "Expansion" to English-Chinese Translation 13.2 Application of "Division" to Chinese-English Translatic 14 Application of "Combination" to Translation 14.1 Application of "Combination" to English-Chinese Translation 14.2 Application of "Combination" to Chinese-English Translation 15 Classification and Translation of English and Chinese Idioms 15.1 Culture, Idioms and Translation 15.2 Classification and Translation of English and Chinese Idioms 16 Translation of Adverbial Clauses 16.1 Translation of Time Adverbial Clauses 16.2 Translation of Cause Adverbial Clauses 16.3 Translation of Condition Adverbial Clauses 16.4 Translation of Concession Adverbial Clauses 16.5 Translation of Purpose Adverbial Clauses 16.6 Translation of Result Adverbial Clauses 16.7 Translation of Manner Adverbial Clauses 16.8 Translation of Place Adverbial Clauses 17 Translation of Passive Sentences 17.1 Translation of Passive Sentences in English 17.2 Translation of Passive Sentences in Chinese 18 Translation of Involved Sentences 18.1 Translation of Involved Sentences According to Their Original Order 18.2 Translation of Invoh,ed Sentences According to Their Inverted Order 18.3 Translation of Involved Sentences Through Proper Adjustment 18.4 Translation of Involved Sentences into Two or More than Two Sentences 18.5 Translation of Involved Sentences by Means of Various Methods Part Three Translation Practice 19 Fourty Execellent Pieces of Prose Accompanied by versions 20 Translation Passages in National Band-Eight Tests for English Majors Accompanied by Their Respective English or Chinese Versions( 1992-2008 ) Bibliography