Chapter One International Trade 1.1 International Trade 1.2 Definition of International Trade l.3 Reasons for International Trade 1.3.1 Resource Reasons 1.3.2 Economic Reasons 1.3.3 Other Reasons 1.4 The Differences Between InternationalTrade and Domestic Trade 1.5 Forms of International Trade 1.5.1 Export Trade, Import Tradeand Transit Trade 1.5.2 Direct Trade,IndirectTrade and Entrepot Trade 1.5.3 Visible Goods Trade andInvisible Goods Trade 1.5.4 Barter Trade andFree-liquidation Trade 1.6 Benefits from International Trade 1.6.1 Economic Growth 1.6.2 Cheaper Goods andServices 1.6.3 Greater Variety Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Two Intemational Business Correspondence 2.1 The Essence of Business Letters 2.2 Elements of Business Letters 2.2.1 Letterhead 2.2.2 Reference 2.2.3 Date 2.2.4 Inside Address 2.2.5 Attention Line 2.2.6 Salutation 2.2.7 Subject Line 2.2.8 Body of a Letter 2.2.9 Complimentary Close 2.2.10 Signature 2.2.11 IEC (Initials,Enclosuresand Carbon Copies Block) 2.2.12 Postscript 2.3 Envelope Addressing 2.4 Business Letter Format andOutline 2.4.1 Format 2.4.2 Outline 2.5 Basic Principles for BusinessLetters Specimen Letters Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Three International Trade Terms 3.1 Components of Trade Terms 3.2 INCOTERMS 3.2.1 Scope of INCOTERMS 3.2.2 Structure of INCOTERMS2000 3.2.3 Common Issues 3.3 Interpretation of Trade Terms inINCOTERMS 2000 3.3.1 Group E--Departure 3.3.2 Group F--Main CarriageUnpaid (by Seller) 3.3.3 Group C--Main CarriagePaid (by Seller) 3.5.4 Group D--Arrival 3.4 Contrasts between FOB,CFR and CIF 3.5 Considerations for Choosing TradeTerms Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Four Establishing Business Relations 4.1 The Significance of EstablishingBusiness Relations 4.2 The Channels of Establishing BusinessRelations 4.3 Information Collection of theProspective Clients 4.4 Some Skills in Establishing BusinessRelations 4.4.1 Skills for Writing a FirstLetter to a Prospective Corporation 4.4.2 Skills for Replying aLetter Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Five Enquiry and Offer 5.1 Enquiry 5.2 Offer 5.2.1 Firm Offer 5.2.2 Non-firm Offer 5.2.3 Proforma Invoice:a SpecialOffer 5.3 Counter-Offer 5.4 Counter-Counter-Offer Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Six Acceptance, Order and BusinessContract 6.1 Acceptance 6.2 Order 6.3 Business Contract 6.3.1 Contracts 6.3.2 Confirmation 6.3.3 Significance and Functionof Contract Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Seven International Payment 7.1 Nature of International Payment 7.2 Instruments of InternationalPayment 7.2.1 Draft 7.2.2 Promissory Note 7.2.3 Cheek 7.3 Methods of International Payment 7.3.1 Cash in Advance 7.3.2 Documentary Letter ofCredit 7.3.3 DocumentaryCollection 7.3.4 Open Account Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Eight Letter of Credit 8.1 Nature of Letters of Credit 8.2 Procedures of Letter of CreditOperations 8.2.1 Issuance of Letter ofCredit 8.2.2 Amendment of Letters ofCredit 8.2.3 Utilization of Letters ofCredit 8.3 Considerations in Using L/C 8.3.1 Points for Attention inUsing L/C 8.3.2 L/C Risks and L/C RiskPrevention Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Nine International Cargo Transportation 9.1 Ocean Transportation 9.1.1 Liner Transportation 9.1.2 CharterTransportation 9.2 Shipping Documents 9.2.1 Packing List 9.2.2 Booking Note 9.2.3 Shipping Order 9.2.4 Mate's Receipt 9.2.5 Bill of Lading 9.3 Clause of Shipment 9.3.1 Packing and Marking 9.3.2 Time of Shipment and Timeof Delivery 9.3.3 Port of Shipment and Portof Destination 9.3.4 Partial Shipment andTransshipment 9.3.5 Shipping Instruction andShipping Advice 9.4 Other Modes of Transportation Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Ten Insurance 10.1 Fundamental Principles of CargoInsurance 10.2 Risks and Losses in CargoTransport 10.2.1 Risks 10.2.2 Losses 10.2.3 Expenses 10.3 Ocean Marine Insurance underC.I.C 10.3.1 Basic RisksCoverage 10.3.2 Additional RisksCoverage 10.4 Insurance Practice of InternationalTrade 10.4.1 Insured Amount 10.4.2 Insurance Premium 10.4.3 Insurance Document Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Eleven Inspection,Claim, Force Majeure andArbitration 11.1 Commodity Inspection 11.1.1 P]ace and Time ofInspection 11.1.2 Inspection Bodies 11.1.3 InspectionStandards 11.1.4 Major InspectionCertificates 11.1.5 Inspection Clause in theSales Contracts 11.2 Complaints and Claims 11.2.1 Types of Claim 11.2.2 Claim Clause in SalesContracts 11.3 Force Majeure 11.3.1 Consequences of ForceMajeure 11.3.2 Force Majeure Clause inSales Contracts 11.4 Arbitration 11.4.1 The Definition ofArbitration 11.4.2 Features of theArbitration 11.4.3 ArbitrationProcedures 11.4.4 Arbitration Clause inSales Contracts Specimen Letters Skill Training Technical Terms Exercises Chapter Twelve Import and Export Procedures 12.1 General Procedures of ExportTransaction 12.1.1 Preparations forExporting 12.1.2 Negotiation of a SalesContract 12.1.3 Performance of theContract 12.1.4 Settlement ofDisputes 12.1.5 Flowchart of ExportProcedure 12.2 General Procedures of ImportTransaction 12.2.1 Preparations forImporting 12.2.2 Trade Negotiation 12.2.3 Performance of theContract 12.2.4 Settlement ofDisputes 12.3 Export Documentation 12.3.1 Role ofDocumentation 12.3.2 Export Documents Technical Terms Exercises
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