PART I WESTERNCIVILIZATION IN THE MIDDLE AGES （ 500-1500 ） CHAPTER ONE THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES THE ROMANO-GERMANIC CHRISTIANIZED WEST The Germanic Society The New Political Structure in the West--The Frankish Empire The Christian Church CULTURE OF THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Christianity and Classical Learning The Carolingian Renaissance THE BYZANTINE WORLD The Byzantine Empire The Differences between the Western Church and the Eastern Church BYZANTINE CULTURE Thought The Preservation of Classical Works Byzantine Architecture and Mosaics Byzantine Influence on the West THE ISLAMIC WORLD Islam The Expansion of Islam ISLAMIC CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS Islamic History Islamic Philosophy Islamic Science Islamic Architecture CHAPTER TWO THE HIGH MIDDLE AGE FEUDALISM Vassalage The Chivalric Code The Rebirth of Urban Life and Commerce The Feudal Monarchy The German Empire The Reform of the Church THE CULTURE OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES--THE AGE OF SYNTHESIS The Cathedral Schools and the Rise of the Universities The Age of Synthesis: Scholasticism Vernacular Literature Architecture and Sculpture CHAPTER THREE THE LATE MIDDLE AGES HARD TIMES AND RECOVERY Plague, Famine, and Wars Commercial and Social Dislocation, and Revolts The Forces of Recovery （Industrialization） The Secular Monarchies The Papal Monarchy THE CULTURE OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES Religion Philosophy and Science Literature Art and Architecture PART II THE CIVILIZATION OF THE RENAISSANCE （c. 1350-c. 1550 ） CHAPTER FOUR THE EARLY RENAISSANCE ITALY OF THE EARLY RENAISSANCE Italian City-states during the Early Renaissance Renaissance Patrons HUMANISM AND CLASSICAL REVIVAL IN ITALY Humanism The Classical Revival Petrarch : Father of Humanism Civic Humanism Textual Criticism: Lorenzo Valla Revival of Platonism: Ficino and Pico The Artistic Renaissance CHAPTER FIVE THE HIGH RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MANNERISM THE STRUGGLE FOR ITALY The Rise of the Modern Sovereign States: Spain and France ~.* FROM HIGH RENAISSANCE TO EARLY MANNERISM High Renaissance Mannerism High Renaissance Literature High Renaissance Painting High Renaissance Sculpture High Renaissance Music CHAPTER SIX THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE CHRISTIAN HUMANISM Northern Christian Humanism and Desiderius Erasmus Sir Thomas More and His Utopia LITERATUER AND ARTS Literature Renaissance Artistic Renaissance SCENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS Astronomy Medicine and Anatomy CHAPTER SEVEN THE CHRISTIAN REFORMATIONS, RELIGIOUS WARS AND MANNERISM （ c. 1517-c. 1648 ） THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Martin Luther and the Reformation The Spreading of the Protestant Reformation The Protestant Heritage THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION The Counter-Reformation Popes The Council of Trent The Society of Jesus A HALF CENTURY OF RELIGIOUS WARS The French Wars of Religion （ 1562-1598 ） The Revolt of the Netherlands Hostility between England and Spain MANNERISM PART III FAITH, REASON, AND POWER IN THE EARLY MODERN WORLD （ 1600-1800 ） CHAPTER EIGHT THE AGE OF BAROQUE WARFARE, ABSOLUTISM, AND THE BALANCE OF POWER The Thirty Yearn' War The Supreme Example of Absolutism: France Limited Monarchy: The Dutch Republic and England THE BAROOUE STYLE The Florid Baroque and the Roman Catholic Church The Classical Baroque and the Absolutism in France The Restrained Baroque in the Netherlands and England Baroque Literature Baroque Music CHAPTER NINE THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT （ 1600-1789 ） THE SCENTIFIC REVOLUTION The Empiricist Francis Bacon The Rationalist Rene Descartes English and French Traditions Newton's Law of Gravitation THE ENLIGHTENMENT The Intelligibility of the Universe The Confidence in Scientific Method The Psychology of John Lock The Philosophies CULTURAL TRENDS: FROM ROCOCO TO NEOCLASSICAL The Rococo Style Neoclassicism References
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