Chapter 1 PIPELINE INTRODUCTION 1.1 PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT 1.1.1 International Pipeline Development 1.1.2 Development of China pipeline Industry 1.1.3 Considerations of Pipeline Transportation 1.2 PIPELINE SYSTEM 1.2.1 Types of Pipelines 1.2.2 Pipeline Network 1.2.3 Gas Pipeline Network in the City Chapter 2 PIPELINE GEOTECHNICS DESIGN 2.1 ELEMENTS INFLUENCING PIPELINE DESIGN 2.1.1 Codes and Standards 2.1.2 The General Procedures of Pipeline Design 2.1.3 Supply, Demand and Route Selection 2.1.4 Environmental Considerations 2.1.5 Effect of Hydraulic Fluid's 2.1.6 Economics 2.1.7 Material and Construction 2.1.8 Pipeline Protection 2.2 ROUTE SDRVERY AND GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN 2.2.1 Preliminary Route Selection 2.2.2 Engineering Survey 2.2.3 Legal Survey 2.2.4 Construction/As Built Survey 2.3 GEOTECHNOLOGY OF PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 2.3.1 Guidelines of Pipeline Route Selection 2.3.2 Slope Stability Control 2.3.3 Drainage and Erosion Control 2.4 ANCHORING AND SUPPORT 2.4.1 No Anchor Supporting 2.4.2 Anchor Supporting 2.5 PIPELINE ENGINEERING SURVEY 2.5.1 Surveying Equipment 2.5.2 Pipeline Layout Survey 2.6 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN FROZEN AREAS 2.6.1 The Pipeline Design Issues 2.6.2 Pipeline Construction Technology Chapter 3 PIPELINE MECHANICAL DESIGN 3.1 THEORIES OF STRENGTH 3.1.1 Normal Stress 3.1.2 Component of Shear Stress 3.1.3 Principal Stresses 3.1.4 Allowable Stress 3.1.5 Theories of Failure 3.2 MEMBRANE STRESSES IN VESSELS UNDER. INTERNAL PRESSURE 3.2. 1 Analysis of Membrane Stresses 3.2.2 Cylindrical Vessel under Internal Pressure 3.3 PROCEDURES OF PIPELINE DESIGN 3.3.1 Considerations of Pipeline Design 3.3.2 Method of Calculation 3.4 VALVE ASSEMBLIES 3.4.1 Block Valves 3.4.2 Compressor Station Tie-ins 3.4.3 Valve Operators 3.4.4 Blowdowns 3.4.5 Vent Operators 3.5 MATERIALS SELECTION 3.5.1 Material and Specification Requirements 3.5.2 Fracture Control Design 3.5.3 Strength Requirements 3.5.4 Chemical Composition 3.5.5 Dimensional Tolerances 3.6 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3.6.1 Quality and Requirement 3.6.2 A Quality Project Chapter 4 TRANSMISSION PROCESSES DESIGN 4.1 GENERAL DESIGN PARAMETERS 4.1.1 Forecasting Throughput 4.1.2 Basic Parameters 4.1.3 Physical Characteristics of Mediums 4.1.4 Developing Design Alternatives 4.1.5 Natural Gas Hydraulics 4.2 PRINCIPLES OF FLOW 4.2.1 Ideal Gas Law 4.2.2 Real Gas Law 4.2.3 The Law of Conservation , 4.2.4 Heat Transmission 4.2.5 Friction Factor and Flow Regimes 4.3 GENERAL FLOW EQUATIONS 4.3. I Darcy's Formula 4.3.2 Flow of Gas in Pipe Lines 4.3.3 Othe'r Flow Equations 4.3.4 Compressor Calculations 4.4 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 4.4.1 The Optimization Process 4.4.2 Detailed Cost of Service Analysis 4.4.3 J-curve Example Chapter 5 PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 5.1 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES 5.1.1 Clearing the Right-of-way 5.1.2 Right-of-way Grading 5.1.3 Ditching and Trenching 5.1.4 Pipe-settled Ditching 5.1.5 Pipe Hauling and Stringing 5.1.6 Pipe Bending 5.1.7 Welding 5.1.8 Pipeline Inspection 5.1.9 Non-destructive Testing 5.1.10 Pipe Painting and Coating 5.1.11 As-built burvey 5.1.12 Lower-in 5.1.13 Backfill 5.1.14 Tie-ins 5.1.15 Ci'osgings 5.1.16 Fabrication 5.1.17 Cathodic Protection 5.1.18 Erosion Control and Revegetation 5.1.19 Cleanup and Restoration 5.2 HYDROSTATIC TESTING 5.2.1 The Considerations of Tested Sections 5.2.2 Internal Cleaning and Ingpection 5.3 COMMISSIONING 5.3.1 Natural Gas Pipelines 5.3.2 Liquid Petroleum Gas Pipelines Chapter 6 CROSSING AND OFFSHORE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1.1 Buoyant Control of Crossing 6.1.2 Buoyancy Control Systems Design 6.2 OPENING RIVER CROSSING 6.2.1 Construction Plan 6.2.2 Construction Technical Measurements 6.2.3 HSEManagement System 6.2.4 Main Materials and Machines for River Crossing 6.3 CROSSING BY DRILLING 6.3.1 Processes of Drilling 6.3.2 Roads and Railroads Crossing Design 6.4 PIPE DRIVING CROSSING CONSTRUCTION 6.4.1 Shield Construction 6.4.2 Pipe Driving Crossing C6nstrudtion 6.5 OFFSHORE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION 6.5.1 Introduction to Offshore Pipeline Construction 6.5.2 Reference Documents 6.5.3 Offshore Pipeline Design 6.5.4 Methods of the Pipelay 6.6 PIPELINE OVERHEAD CROSSING 6.6.1 Overhead Crossing Design 6.6.2 Introduction to Overhead Crossing 6.6.3 Future Development of Pipe Overhead Crossing Chapter 7 PIPELINE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 7. I PIPE MANUFACTURING PROCESS 7.1.1 Types of Pipe Welding 7.1.2 Pipeline Perspectives for the Future 7.1.3 Technological Process of Pipe Manufacturing 7.2 IMPROVED COATINGS 7.2.1 Coating Properties for Operation 7.2.2 Internal and External Pipe Painting System 7.2.3 Coating Materials Choice 7.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION 7.3.1 Methods to Apply Cathodic Protection 7.3.2 Cathodic Protection Design 7.4 PIPELINE PIGGINGS 7.4.1 Explanation of Pigging 7.4.2 Codes and Standards 7.4.3 Major Components of Pigging Assembly 7.4.4 Pig Barrel and End Closure 7.4.5 Pig Barrel Valves 7.4.6 General Procedures for Pig Launch and Receive 7.5 PIPELINE LEAKS FINDING AND REPAIRING 7.5.1 Leak Condition and Calculation 7.5.2 Repairing Damaged Pipelines 7.5.3 Non-stop Service Hot-tapping and Plugging on Pipe 7.6 OHSE OPERATION GUIDE 7.6.1 QHSE Management Functions 7.6.2 Capacity Evaluation 7.6.3 Training 7.6.4 Equipments Evaluation and Information Exchange 7.6.5 Documents and Controls 7.6.6 QHSE Risks Identification and Evaluation 7.7 SCADA SYSTEM 7.7.1 A Brief SCADA Review 7.7.2 SCADA Elements 7.7.3 Secured SCADA System ENGLISH-CHINESE GLOSSARY REFERENCES
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