Chapter 1 An Introduction to Tourism
1.1 Tourism Definitions
1.1.1 Towards an Agreed Definition
1.1.2 Categories of Tourists
1.1.3 Categories of Tourism
1.1.4 Other Working Definitions in Travel and Tourism
1.2 The Tourism Industry and Its Products
1.2.1 Classification of the Tourism Industry
1.2.2 Characteristics of the Tour
1.2.3 Characteristics of the Tourism Products
1.3 The History of Tourism
1.3.1 Ttravel in the Middle Ages
1.3.2 Travel from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries
1.3.3 Travel in the Twentieth Century
1.4 The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century
Chapter 2 The Structure and Role of Public Sector Tourism
2.1 The Nature of Public Sector Involvement in Tourism
2.1.1 Reasons for Public Sector Involvement
2.1.2 Public Sector Roles and Functions
2.2 The Goals of Tourism Policy
2.2.1 Tourism Goals
2.2.2 Constraints
2.3 Tourism Legislation and Regulations
Chapter 3 The Distribution Channels and Organizations of the Tourism Industry
3.1 The Tourism Channel of Distribution
3.1.1 The Producer
3.1.2 The Intermediaries
3.1.3 The Support Services
3.2 Tourism Organizations
3.2.1 Sectoral Organizations
3.2.2 Destination Organizations
3.2.3 Tourism Organizations
3.3 Integration in the Tourism Industry
3.3.1 Horizontal Integration
3.3.2 Vertical Integration
3.3.3 The Result of Integration
Chapter 4 The Economics of Tourism
4.1 Economics of Tourism
4.2 Overview of the Global Tourism Industry
4.2.1 Development Status and the International Tourist Market
4.2.2 Overview of Development in Major Countries and Regions
4.3 Overview of the China Tourism Economy
4.3.1 Present Situation
4.3.2 Overview of Development in Major Countries and Region
4.4 Economic Impact of Tourism
4.4.1 Negative Economic Impact from Tourism
4.4.2 How Tourism Contributes to Economic Development
Chapter 5 Tourist Motivation and Behavior
5.1 Importance of Motivation
5.2 Factors Influencing Motivation
5.2.1 Internal Driving Forces
5.2.2 External Influencing Factors
5.3 Motivators and Facilitators
5.4 The Consumer Buying Process
Chapter 6 Transport for Tourism
6.1 The Role of Transport
6.2 Defining Transport
6.3 Transport System
6.4 Transport Modes
6.5 Aviation Transportation
6.5.1 The Organization of Air Transport
6.5.2 Airline Services
6.5.3 Freedom of the Air
6.6 Maritime Transportation
6.7 Rail Transportation
6.8 Road Transportation
Chapter 7 The Hospitality Sector: Accommodation and Catering Services
7.1 The Characteristic of the Accommodation
7.1.1 Definition
7.1.2 Characteristics
7.2 Ownership in the Accommodation Sector
7.2.1 Individual Ownership
7.2.2 Franchises
7.2.3 Management Contract
7.3 Management Practices in the Accommodation Sector
7.3.1 Rooms Department
7.3.2 Security
7.3.3 Engineering
7.3.4 Food and Beverage Department
7.3.5 Marketing and Sales Department
7.3.6 Accounting Department
7.3.7 General Manager
7.4 Classifying and Grading Accommodations
7.4.1 Classified by a Star System
7.4.2 Quality of Facilities and Services
7.4.3 Classification of Hotels
7.5 The Nature of the Demand for Accommodations
7.5.1 Some Characteristics of the Hotel Product
7.6 Location of Lodging Facilities
7.7 Careers in the Accommodation Sector
Chapter 8 Visitor Attractions
8.1 Definition
8.2 Characteristics
8.2.1 Rigidity of Attractions
8.2.2 Instability of Demand
8.2.3 Elasticity of Demand
8.2.4 Seasonality of Demand
8.2.5 Competition
8.2.6 Distribution
8.2.7 Other Special Characteristics
8.3 Classification of Visitor Attractions
8.3.1 Ownership
8.3.2 Primary and Secondary Attractions
8.3.3 Catchment area
8.3.4 Visitor Numbers
8.3.5 Location
8.3.6 Size
8.4 The Impact of Attractions
8.4.1 Economic Impact
8.4.2 Environmental Impact
8.4.3 Socio-cultural Impact
Chapter 9 Tour Operation
9.1 The Role of Tour Operator
9.2 Specialized Roles of Tour Operator
9.3 Tour operator and Airline
9.4 Tour Operators and Hotels
9.5 Nature of Tour Operation
9.6 Factors Affecting New Destinations
9.7 Categories of Transport
9.8 Types of Contract with Transport
9.9 Categories of Accommodation
9.10 Contract Type with Accommodation
9.11 Main Marketing Tools
9.12 Methods of Reservation
Chapter 10 Travel Retailing
10.1 The Role of Travel Agents
10.2 Setting up and Running a Travel Agency
10.3 Travel Agency Skills and Competences
10.3.1 Customer Contact Skills
10.3.2 The Sales Sequence
10.4 The Future of Travel Retailing
Chapter 11 Ancillary Tourism Services
11.1 Services to the Tourist
11.1.1 Guide/Courier Services
11.1.2 The Role of the Animateur
11.2 Financial Services
11.2.1 Insurance
11.2.2 Foreign Exchange Transactions
11.2.3 Incentive Travel Vouchers
11.2.4 Duty-Free Shopping
11.3 Services to the Supplier
11.3.1 Education and Training
11.3.2 The Trade Press
11.3.3 Marketing Services
11.3.4 General Marketing Consultants
11.3.5 Representative Agencies
11.3.6 Advertising and Promotional Agencies
11.3.7 Microprocessor Organizations
Chapter 12 The Social and Environmental Impact of Tourism
12.1 The Environmental Effects of Tourism
12.1.1 Depletion of Natural Resources
12.1.2 Pollution
12.1.3 Problems of Erosion
12.1.4 The Tourism Danger to Flora and Fauna
12.3 Managing Sustainable Tourism
12.4 The Socio-Cultural Effects of Tourism
12.5 Managing the Social Impact of Tourism
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