Chapter 1 BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS 1.1 Computer Types 1.2 Functional Units 1.2.1 Input Unit 1.2.2 Memory Unit 1.2.3 Arithmetic and Logic Unit 1.2.4 Output Unit 1.2.5 Control Unit 1.3 Basic Operational Concepts 1.4 Number Representation and ArithmeticOperatio 1.4.1 Intege 1.4.2 Floating-Point Numbe 1.5 Character Representation 1.6 Performance 1.6.1 Technology 1.6.2 Parallelism 1.7 Historical Pepective 1.7.1 The Fit Generation 1.7.2 The Second Generation 1.7.3 The Third Generation 1.7.4 The Fourth Generation 1.8 Concluding Remarks 1.9 Solved Problems Problems ReferencesChapter 2 INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTUREChapter 3 BASIC INPUT/OUTPUTChapter 4 SOFTWAREChapter 5 BASIC PROCESSING UNITChapter 6 PIPELININGChapter 7 INPUT/OUTPUT ORGANIZATIONChapter 8 THE MEMORY SYSTEMChapter 9 ARITHMETICChapter 10 EMBEDDED SYSTEMSChapter 11 SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP-A CASE STUDYChapter 12 PARALLEL PROCESSING AND PERFORMANCEAppendix A LOGIC CIRCUITSAppendix B THE ALTERA NIOS II PROCESSORAppendix C THE COLDFIRE PROCESSORAppendix D THE ARM PROCESSORAppendix E THE INTEL IA-32 ARCHITECTURE