建筑設(shè)備工程CAD制圖與識圖（第3版）

序
第3 版前言
第2 版前言
第1 版前言
第1章緒論....................................................
1

1.1 投影基本術(shù)語.....................................
1
1.2 圖的種類術(shù)語.....................................
5
1.3 制圖的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化體系.............................
6
1.3.1
技術(shù)制圖的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化體系...............
7
1.3.2
CAD 制圖的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化體系..............
8
1.3.3
國外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織簡介...................
9
第2 章 房屋建筑制圖統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn).................. 11

2.1 圖紙規(guī)格........................................... 11
2.1.1
圖紙幅面規(guī)格............................. 11
2.1.2
標(biāo)題欄......................................... 12
2.1.3
圖樣編排順序............................. 13
2.2 圖線、字體與比例........................... 14
2.2.1
圖線............................................. 14
2.2.2
字體............................................. 15
2.2.3
比例............................................. 16
2.3 定位軸線與指北針........................... 16
2.3.1
定位軸線..................................... 16
2.3.2
指北針......................................... 18
2.4 常用建筑圖例和材料圖例............... 18
2.4.1
常用建筑材料圖例..................... 19
2.4.2
常用建筑圖例............................. 20
2.5 圖樣畫法........................................... 23
2.5.1
投影法......................................... 23
2.5.2
視圖布置..................................... 23
2.5.3
剖面圖和斷面圖......................... 25
2.5.4 簡化畫法......................................26
2.5.5 房屋建筑的軸測圖......................28
2.6
標(biāo)注...................................................29
2.6.1
尺寸界線、尺寸線及尺寸
起止符號.....................................29
2.6.2
尺寸數(shù)字......................................30
2.6.3
半徑、直徑、球的尺寸標(biāo)注........31
2.6.4
角度、弧度、弧長的標(biāo)注..........32
2.6.5
尺寸的簡化標(biāo)注..........................32
2.6.6
標(biāo)高與坡度..................................33
2.6.7
索引符號......................................34
2.6.8
引出線..........................................35
2.7
建筑圖的識讀...................................36
2.7.1 建筑制圖基本知識......................37
2.7.2 建筑識圖舉例..............................39
2.8
在AutoCAD 中實(shí)現(xiàn)制圖
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化...............................................51
2.8.1 兩種制圖模式..............................51
2.8.2 制圖單位......................................52
2.8.3 制圖比例......................................52
2.8.4 線寬..............................................52
2.8.5 圖層..............................................53
2.8.6 線型..............................................55
2.8.7 字體..............................................55
2.8.8 尺寸標(biāo)注......................................56
2.8.9 制作模板......................................57
2.8.10 圖框............................................57

建筑設(shè)備工程CAD 制圖與識圖 第3 版
2.9 計(jì)算機(jī)制圖文件的組織................... 57
2.9.1
工程圖紙的編號......................... 57
2.9.2
計(jì)算機(jī)制圖文件的命名............. 59
2.9.3
計(jì)算機(jī)制圖文件夾..................... 60
2.9.4 協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算機(jī)制圖文件..... 60
第3 章 冷熱源機(jī)房...................................... 61
3.1 管道表達(dá)........................................... 61
3.1.1
管道畫法..................................... 61
3.1.2
管道標(biāo)注..................................... 64
3.2 圖形符號........................................... 67
3.2.1
水、汽管道常用圖例................. 67
3.2.2
調(diào)節(jié)控制裝置圖形符號............. 70
3.3 供熱工程制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)........................... 72
3.3.1
一般規(guī)定..................................... 72
3.3.2
管道畫法與代號......................... 72
3.3.3
閥門畫法..................................... 74
3.3.4
圖形符號..................................... 75
3.3.5
管道圖識圖舉例......................... 77
3.4 設(shè)備本體的識讀和繪制................... 78
3.4.1
設(shè)備圖識讀和繪制的
一般原則.................................... 79
3.4.2
泵與風(fēng)機(jī)..................................... 80
3.4.3
冷水機(jī)組..................................... 84
3.4.4
燃油燃?xì)忮仩t............................. 88
3.5 冷熱源制圖一般規(guī)定....................... 94
3.5.1
冷熱源工程所需的圖樣............. 94
3.5.2
圖樣目錄..................................... 95
3.5.3
設(shè)備和材料表............................. 95
3.5.4
設(shè)計(jì)說明..................................... 96
3.5.5
原理圖......................................... 97
3.5.6
設(shè)備平面圖、剖面圖................. 98
3.5.7
設(shè)備和管道平面圖、剖面圖..... 98
3.5.8
管路系統(tǒng)軸測圖......................... 99
3.5.9
大樣詳圖..................................... 99
3.6 冷熱源機(jī)房識圖............................. 104
3.6.1
系統(tǒng)原理....................................104
3.6.2
設(shè)備和管道布置........................105
3.7 冷熱源CAD 制圖方法...................112
3.7.1
圖層設(shè)置....................................112
3.7.2
圖形符號庫的建立....................112
3.7.3
雙線管道（或墻體）的
繪制...........................................114
3.7.4 正等軸測圖的繪制方法............115
第4 章 采暖工程.........................................116
4.1 采暖制圖基本方法.........................116
4.1.1
一般規(guī)定....................................116
4.1.2
設(shè)計(jì)施工說明............................117
4.1.3
平面圖........................................118
4.1.4
采暖系統(tǒng)軸測圖........................120
4.2
單戶水平式采暖系統(tǒng)的
制圖表達(dá).........................................122
4.2.1
平面圖........................................122
4.2.2
管路系統(tǒng)的表達(dá)........................127
4.3 采暖系統(tǒng)CAD 制圖.......................130
4.3.1
圖層設(shè)置....................................130
4.3.2
相同內(nèi)容的繪制........................130
4.3.3
過濾器的使用............................131
4.3.4 正面斜等測圖的繪制................132
第5 章 空調(diào)通風(fēng)工程.................................133
5.1 線型與比例.....................................134
5.2 風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)的表達(dá)方法.....................134
5.2.1
風(fēng)管畫法....................................134
5.2.2
風(fēng)管代號及系統(tǒng)代號................136
5.2.3
風(fēng)管尺寸與標(biāo)高的標(biāo)注............137
5.3 常用圖例.........................................138
5.3.1
各種風(fēng)閥及附件........................138
5.3.2
風(fēng)系統(tǒng)常用設(shè)備........................141
5.4 空調(diào)通風(fēng)制圖基本方法.................142
5.4.1
空調(diào)通風(fēng)工程圖的特點(diǎn)............142
5.4.2
一般規(guī)定....................................143

目錄

5.4.3
圖樣目錄................................... 143
5.4.4
設(shè)備與主要材料表................... 144
5.4.5
設(shè)計(jì)施工說明........................... 144
5.4.6
原理圖....................................... 150
5.4.7
平面圖....................................... 153
5.4.8
剖面圖....................................... 160
5.4.9
軸測圖....................................... 161
5.4.10
空調(diào)機(jī)組配置圖..................... 166
5.5 工業(yè)通風(fēng)工程制圖與識圖............. 169
5.5.1
工業(yè)通風(fēng)工程常用圖形符號..... 169
5.5.2
工業(yè)通風(fēng)工程制圖的
基本原則................................... 172
5.5.3
工業(yè)通風(fēng)工程實(shí)例................... 174
5.6 空調(diào)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)CAD 制圖.............. 180
5.6.1
圖層設(shè)置................................... 180
5.6.2 簡化命令的自定義................... 180
第6 章 建筑給水排水工程........................ 181
6.1 制圖一般規(guī)定................................. 181
6.2 常用圖例......................................... 183
6.3 制圖的基本內(nèi)容和方法................. 189
6.3.1
圖樣目錄................................... 189
6.3.2
設(shè)計(jì)說明................................... 189
6.3.3
平面圖....................................... 190
6.3.4
軸測圖....................................... 195
6.3.5
管道展開系統(tǒng)圖....................... 199
6.4 給水排水工程圖的閱讀................. 200
6.4.1
給水排水平面圖的閱讀........... 200
6.4.2
給水排水系統(tǒng)軸測圖的
閱讀........................................... 201
6.5 給水排水工程圖的CAD 繪制...... 202
6.5.1
圖層設(shè)置................................... 202
6.5.2
單行文字與多行文字............... 203
6.5.3 Purge 命令的使用..................... 203
第7 章 建筑電氣工程................................ 204
7.1 綜述................................................. 204
7.1.1 適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)....................................204
7.1.2 電氣圖分類................................206
7.2 建筑電氣制圖基本規(guī)定.................207
7.2.1 圖線............................................207
7.2.2
比例............................................208
7.2.3
圖樣畫法一般規(guī)定與
圖樣編排...................................208
7.2.4
編號與參照代號........................209
7.2.5
電氣線路的標(biāo)注........................213
7.2.6
電氣設(shè)備的標(biāo)注........................217
7.3 建筑電氣工程常用符號.................219
7.3.1 操作與效應(yīng)................................219
7.3.2 電線、電纜的表示....................220
7.3.3 觸點(diǎn)............................................221
7.3.4 開關(guān)、接觸器等........................223
7.3.5 信號裝置....................................225
7.3.6 插座、開關(guān)、配電箱................225
7.3.7 照明燈具....................................227
7.3.8 電機(jī)............................................227
7.3.9 建筑設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)....................228
7.4 建筑電氣控制電路圖.....................229
7.4.1
電路圖畫法................................229
7.4.2
電氣控制電路圖端子的
標(biāo)識...........................................230
7.4.3
電動(dòng)機(jī)控制電路圖實(shí)例............231
7.5 電氣照明工程圖.............................233
7.5.1 系統(tǒng)圖和平面圖畫法................233
7.5.2 常用照明線路分析....................234
7.5.3 識圖舉例....................................236
7.6 動(dòng)力配電工程圖.............................241
7.6.1 動(dòng)力配電工程圖的內(nèi)容............241
7.6.2 讀圖舉例....................................242
7.7 建筑電氣CAD 制圖.......................245
7.7.1 圖層設(shè)置....................................245
7.7.2 CAD 圖的打印輸出..................246
7.7.3 漢字亂碼的解決........................247

建筑設(shè)備工程CAD 制圖與識圖 第3 版
第8 章 建筑消防工程................................ 248

8.1 防排煙系統(tǒng)..................................... 248
8.1.1
防排煙基本知識....................... 248
8.1.2
防火閥、排煙閥....................... 250
8.1.3
防排煙工程實(shí)例....................... 251
8.2 消防滅火系統(tǒng)................................. 256
8.2.1
消火栓給水系統(tǒng)....................... 257
8.2.2
自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)................... 258
8.2.3
消火栓和自動(dòng)噴水滅火
工程實(shí)例................................... 260
8.3 火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)......................... 265
8.3.1
火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)制圖
基本內(nèi)容................................... 265
8.3.2
火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)工程
實(shí)例........................................... 271
8.4 AutoCAD 中圖紙布局的使用........ 273
8.4.1
圖層的分組管理....................... 277
8.4.2
創(chuàng)建圖紙布局........................... 277
8.4.3
圖紙空間和模型空間的
切換........................................... 278
8.4.4
設(shè)置和鎖定圖紙比例............... 278
8.4.5
布局中圖層的管理................... 279
8.4.6 在布局視口中縮放線型........... 280
第9章 國外工程圖的識讀......................... 281
9.1 ISO 暖通空調(diào)、衛(wèi)生工程制圖...... 281
9.1.1
汽水管道系統(tǒng)........................... 283
9.1.2
風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)................................... 285
9.1.3
儀表自控系統(tǒng)........................... 286
9.1.4
衛(wèi)生設(shè)備與器具....................... 286
9.2 英國供熱通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程制圖.....287
9.2.1
管線的表達(dá)................................288
9.2.2
閥門............................................290
9.2.3
測試和控制用敏感元件............291
9.2.4
設(shè)備............................................291
9.2.5
暖通空調(diào)畫法............................292
9.2.6
制圖與識圖舉例........................296
9.3 美國暖通空調(diào)工程制圖.................299
9.3.1
風(fēng)管及其配件符號....................299
9.3.2
汽水管路及其附件符號............304
9.3.3
控制符號....................................308
9.3.4
設(shè)備符號....................................311
9.4 日本建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程圖.........312
9.4.1
綜述............................................312
9.4.2
風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)的圖形符號................313
9.4.3
管道表示方法............................316
9.4.4
閥門、儀表等............................321
9.4.5
給排水、衛(wèi)生、
消防用器具...............................323
9.4.6
燃?xì)庥闷骶?...............................327
9.4.7
暖通設(shè)備....................................327
9.4.8 制圖實(shí)例....................................334
附錄.................................................................337
附錄A 空調(diào)工程實(shí)例...........................337
附錄B 建筑給水排水工程實(shí)例...........350
附錄C 建筑電氣工程實(shí)例...................356
附錄D 建筑設(shè)備電路圖的識讀...........368

參考文獻(xiàn).........................................................375


CONTENTS

Preface
Foreword to the third edition
Foreword to the second edition
Foreword to the first edition
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Terms relating to representation ...............................................................................................
1

1.2 Terms relating to types of drawings..........................................................................................
5

1.3 Structure of CAD drawing standards........................................................................................
6

1.3.1 Structure of technical drawing standards .....................................................................
7

1.3.2 Structure of CAD drawing standards ...........................................................................
8

1.3.3 Introduction to standardization organizations abroad ..................................................
9
2 Unified standard for building drawings ..........................................................................................11

2.1 Specifications of drawing sheets .............................................................................................11

2.1.1 Formats........................................................................................................................11

2.1.2 Title blocks................................................................................................................. 12

2.1.3 Order of drawings ...................................................................................................... 13

2.2 Lines, lettering and scales....................................................................................................... 14

2.2.1 Lines.......................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.2 Lettering ..................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.3 Scales ......................................................................................................................... 16

2.3 Locating axis and compass symbol ........................................................................................ 16

2.3.1 Locating axis .............................................................................................................. 16

2.3.2 Symbol of compass .................................................................................................... 18

2.4 Common graphical symbols for building material and elements ........................................... 18

2.4.1 graphical symbols for building material..................................................................... 19

2.4.2 graphical symbols for building elements ................................................................... 20

2.5 Representations of drawings................................................................................................... 23

2.5.1 Projection methods..................................................................................................... 23

2.5.2 Layouts of views ........................................................................................................ 23

2.5.3 Sections and cuts ........................................................................................................ 25

2.5.4 Simplified representations.......................................................................................... 26

2.5.5 axonometric representations in building drawings..................................................... 28


建筑設(shè)備工程CAD 制圖與識圖 第3 版
2.6 Dimensioning ......................................................................................................................... 29
2.6.1 Projection lines, dimension lines and termination...................................................... 29
2.6.2 Dimensional values .................................................................................................... 30
2.6.3 Dimensioning of radii, diameters and spheres ........................................................... 31
2.6.4 Dimensioning of angles, arcs and chords................................................................... 32
2.6.5 Simplified dimensions................................................................................................ 32
2.6.6 Level and amount of slope ......................................................................................... 33
2.6.7 key line / reference symbol ........................................................................................ 34
2.6.8 Leader lines ................................................................................................................ 35
2.7 Comprehension of architectural drawings.............................................................................. 36
2.7.1 Basics of architectural drawings ................................................................................ 37
2.7.2 A case study of architectural drawings....................................................................... 39
2.8 Standardization of drawing in AutoCAD ............................................................................... 51
2.8.1 Two drawing patterns................................................................................................. 51
2.8.2 Drawing units............................................................................................................. 52
2.8.3 Scales......................................................................................................................... 52
2.8.4 Line width .................................................................................................................. 52
2.8.5 Layers......................................................................................................................... 53
2.8.6 Line styles .................................................................................................................. 55
2.8.7 Lettering ..................................................................................................................... 55
2.8.8 Dimensions................................................................................................................. 56
2.8.9 Templates ................................................................................................................... 57
2.8.10 Borders ..................................................................................................................... 57
2.9 Orgnization of CAD drawing files ......................................................................................... 57
2.9.1 Numbering of drawings.............................................................................................. 57
2.9.2 Denomination of drawing files................................................................................... 59
2.9.3 File folders of CAD drawings .................................................................................... 60
2.9.4 Concurrent design and CAD drawing ........................................................................ 60
Cooling and heating plant ................................................................................................................ 61
3.1 Representations of piping ....................................................................................................... 61
3.1.1 Representations of pipes............................................................................................. 61
3.1.2 Dimensioning of pipes ............................................................................................... 64
3.2 Graphical symbols for water and steam piping system .......................................................... 67
3.2.1 Graphical symbols for piping..................................................................................... 67
3.2.2 Symbols of control devices ........................................................................................ 70

目錄

3.3 Standard for heat-supply drawings ......................................................................................... 72

3.3.1 Symbols of sectional views........................................................................................ 72

3.3.2 Representations of piping system............................................................................... 72

3.3.3 Cases of reading of piping drawings.......................................................................... 74

3.3.4 Graphical symbols...................................................................................................... 75

3.3.5 Reading of piping drawings ....................................................................................... 77

3.4 Comprehension and drawing of proper body of equipment ................................................... 78

3.4.1 General rules of Comprehension and drawing........................................................... 79

3.4.2 Pumps and fans .......................................................................................................... 80

3.4.3 Chillers ....................................................................................................................... 84

3.4.4 Oil / gas-fired boilers ................................................................................................. 88

3.5 General specifications for cooling and heating plant drawings.............................................. 94

3.5.1 Drawings generally required ...................................................................................... 94

3.5.2 List of drawings.......................................................................................................... 95

3.5.3 List of equipment and material................................................................................... 95

3.5.4 Design description...................................................................................................... 96

3.5.5 Schematic diagrams ................................................................................................... 97

3.5.6 Plans and sections for equipment............................................................................... 98

3.5.7 Plans and sections for equipment and piping system................................................. 98

3.5.8 Piping system drawings.............................................................................................. 99

3.5.9 Detail drawing............................................................................................................ 99

3.6 Reading of cooling and heating plant drawings ................................................................... 104

3.6.1 Fundamentals of the system ..................................................................................... 104

3.6.2 Layouts of equipment and the piping system........................................................... 105

3.7 CAD drawing of heating and cooling plants .........................................................................112

3.7.1 Conventions for layers ..............................................................................................112

3.7.2 Buildup of graphical symbol libraries.......................................................................112

3.7.3 Drawing of double-line pipes (or walls) ...................................................................114

3.7.4 Preparation of isometric drawings.............................................................................115
4 Space heating engineering...............................................................................................................116

4.1 Drawing of space heating engineering ..................................................................................116

4.1.1 General ......................................................................................................................116

4.1.2 Design description.....................................................................................................117

4.1.3 Plans..........................................................................................................................118

4.1.4 Axonometric drawings ............................................................................................. 120


建筑設(shè)備工程CAD 制圖與識圖 第3 版
4.2 Representation of household horizontal heating systems..................................................... 122
4.2.1 Plans ......................................................................................................................... 122
4.2.2 System drawings ...................................................................................................... 127
4.3 CAD drawing for heating systems........................................................................................ 130
4.3.1 Conventions for layers ............................................................................................. 130
4.3.2 Drawing of identical objects .................................................................................... 130
4.3.3 Usage of filter........................................................................................................... 131
4.3.4 Preparation of normal planometric drawing............................................................. 132
Air conditioning and ventilation engineering............................................................................... 133
5.1 Line styles and scales ........................................................................................................... 134
5.2 Drawing of air ducts ............................................................................................................. 134
5.2.1 Representations of air ducts ..................................................................................... 134
5.2.2 Codes for ducts and systems .................................................................................... 136
5.2.3 Dimensioning of ducts ............................................................................................. 137
5.3 Graphical symbols ................................................................................................................ 138
5.3.1 Dampers and fittings ................................................................................................ 138
5.3.2 Air handling equipment............................................................................................ 141
5.4 Basic method for air conditioning drawings......................................................................... 142
5.4.1 Features of air conditioning drawings...................................................................... 142
5.4.2 General ..................................................................................................................... 143
5.4.3 List of drawings........................................................................................................ 143
5.4.4 List of equipment and material................................................................................. 144
5.4.5 Design and construction description ........................................................................ 144
5.4.6 Schematic diagrams.................................................................................................. 150
5.4.7 Plans ......................................................................................................................... 153
5.4.8 Sections and elevations ............................................................................................ 160
5.4.9 System drawings ...................................................................................................... 161
5.4.10 Assembly drawing of air handling units................................................................. 166
5.5 Drawings of industrial ventilation ........................................................................................ 169
5.5.1 Graphical symbols.................................................................................................... 169
5.5.2 General rules of drawing.......................................................................................... 172
5.5.3 An example of industrial ventilation project............................................................ 174
5.6 CAD drawing of air conditioning systems ........................................................................... 180
5.6.1 Conventions for layers ............................................................................................. 180
5.6.2 Customization of shortened command names.......................................................... 180

目錄

6 Building water supply and drainage engineering ........................................................................ 181

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 181

6.2 Graphical symbols................................................................................................................ 183

6.3 Basic conventions of drawings............................................................................................. 189

6.3.1 List of drawings........................................................................................................ 189

6.3.2 Design description.................................................................................................... 189

6.3.3 Plans......................................................................................................................... 190

6.3.4 Axonometric drawings ............................................................................................. 195

6.3.5 System expansion drawings ..................................................................................... 199

6.4 Reading of water supply and drainage drawings.................................................................. 200

6.4.1 Reading of plans....................................................................................................... 200

6.4.2 Reading of system drawings .................................................................................... 201

6.5 CAD preparation for water supply and drainage drawings .................................................. 202

6.5.1 Conventions of layers............................................................................................... 202

6.5.2 Single line text and multi-line text ........................................................................... 203

6.5.3 Usage of purge ......................................................................................................... 203
7 Building electric work .................................................................................................................... 204

7.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 204

7.1.1 Drawing standards.................................................................................................... 204

7.1.2 Classification of electric drawings ........................................................................... 206

7.2 General rules of Building electricity drawings..................................................................... 207

7.2.1 Lines......................................................................................................................... 207

7.2.2 Scales ....................................................................................................................... 208

7.2.3 Drawing general rules and ordering......................................................................... 208

7.2.4 Numbering and reference designation...................................................................... 209

7.2.5 Anotation of eletrical lines ....................................................................................... 213

7.2.6 Anotation of electrical equipment .......................................................................... 217

7.3 Symbols ............................................................................................................................... 219

7.3.1 Operation and effect.................................................