Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition Part I Function and Form Introduction Key Concepts Function 2．1 Subject and Predicate 2．2 Predicator 2．3 Direct object 2．4 Indirect object 2．5 Adjunct Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading Form： Words， Word Classes and Phrases 3．1 The notion 'word' 3．2 Nouns and determinatives 3．3 Adjectives 3．4 Verbs 3．5 Prepositions 3．6 Adverbs 3．7 Conjunctions 3．8 Interjections Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading More on Form： Clauses and Sentences 4．1 Clauses and clause hierarchies 4．2 The rank scale 4．3 Clause types 4．3．1 Declarative clauses 4．3．2 Interrogative clauses 4．3．3 Imperative clauses 4．3．4 Exclamative clauses 4．3．5 The pragmatics of the clause types 4．4 More on tree diagrams Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading The Function-Form Interface 5．1 Function-form relationships 5．2 Realisations of the Subject 5．3 Realisation of the Predicate and Predicator 5．4 Realisations of the Direct object 5．5 Realisations of the Indirect object 5．6 Realisations of Adjuncts Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading Part II Elaboration 6 Predicates， Arguments and Thematic Roles 6．1 Predicates and arguments 6．2 Thematic roles 6．3 Grammatical functions and thematic roles 6．4 Selectional restrictions 6．5 Three levels of description Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading 7 Cross-Categorial Generalisations： X-Bar Syntax 7．1 Heads， Complements and Specifiers 7．2 Adjuncts 7．3 Cross-categorial generalisations 7．4 Subcategorisation 7．4．1 Subcategorisation versus argument/thematic structure Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading 8 More on Clauses 8．1 The I-node 8．2 Subordinate clauses 8．2．1 Clauses functioning as Direct object， Subject and Adjunct 8．2．2 Clauses functioning as Complements within phrases 8．2．3 Clauses functioning as Adjuncts within NPs Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading Movement 9．1 Verb Movement： aspectual auxiliaries 9．2 NP-Movement： passive 9．3 NP-Movement： Subject-to-Subject Raising 9．4 Movement in interrogative sentences： Subject-Auxiliary Inversion 9．5 Wh-Movement 9．6 The structure of sentences containing one or more auxiliaries Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading 10 Tense， Aspect and Mood 10．1 Time and tense 10．1．1 The present tense 10．1．1．1 Uses of the present tense 10．1．2 The past tense 10．1．2．1 Uses of the past tense 10．1．3 Ways of referring to future time 10．2 Aspectualityand aspect 10．2．1 Progressive aspect 10．2．1．1 The progressive construction 10．2．1．2 Uses of the progressive 10．2．2 Perfect aspect 10．2．2．1 The perfect construction 10．2．2．2 Uses of the present perfect 10．3 Modality and mood 10．3．1 Different types ofmodality 10．3．2 The core modals 10．3．2．1 The morpho-syntactic characteristics of the core modals 10．3．2．2 Meanings expressed by the core modals 10．3．3 Other ways of expressing modality Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading Part III Argumentation 11 Syntactic Argumentation 11．1 The art of argumentation 11．2 Economy of description： Linguistically Significant Generalisations and Occam's Razor 11．2．1 Linguistically Significant Generalisations 11．2．2 Occam's Razor 11．2．2．1 Verb-preposition constructions 11．2．2．2 Achieving economy in the domain of functional terminology 11．3 Further constraints on description： elegance and independent justifications 11．3．1 Elegance of description 11．3．2 Independent justification 11．4 Evaluating analyses Key Concepts Exercises Further Reading 12 Constituency： Movement and Substitution 12．1 The Movement Test 12．1．1 Movements to the left 12．1．1．1 Topicalisation 12．1．1．2 VP-Preposing 12．1．1．3 Though-Movement 12．1．2 Movements to the right 12．1．2．1 Heavy-NP-Shift 12．1．2．2 Extraposition of Subject clauses 12．1．2．3 Extraposition from NP 12．2 Substitution 12．2．1 Substitution of nominal projections： NP and N\
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