Abstract Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Smart Antennas 1.2 Semi smart Antennas 1.3 Motivation and Objectives 1.4 Organisation of Chapters 1.5 References Chapter 2 Shaped Beam Synthesis for Semi-smart Antenna Scheme 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Shaped Beam Synthesis for a Linear Array 2.3 Shaped Beam Synthesis for a Circular/ Conformal Array 2.3.1 Define the circular array factor 2.3.2 Calculating the weighted mean square error (MSE) 2.3.3 Optimisation algorithms 2.3.4 Coding examples 2.4 12-element Circular Array for Outdoor Base Station 2.5 4-element Array for a Picocell Sector Antenna 2.5.1 4-element synthesis for sector pattern with small back lobe 2.5.2 Comparison between linear array and conformal array 2.6 Conclusion 2.7 References Chapter 3 Use of Metamaterials in Narrow-band and Wide-band Cellular BS Antennas 3.1 Introduction 3.2 EBG structures on Narrow Band Cross-dipole Antennas 3.3 EBG Structures on Broadband Printed Cross-dipole Element 3.3.1 Modifying Port 1 to provide flatten return loss 3.3.2 Deploy PRS to enhance and steady the directivity 3.3.3 Use of EBG structure to reduce the mutual coupling in antenna array 3.4 Summary 3.5 References Chapter 4 Dielectric Resonator Antennas for Indoor IEEE 802. llac 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Dielectric Resonator Antenna 4.3 Wideband Dual-polarised DRA (WBDP-DRA) 4.3.1 Results and discussions 4.3.2 Modes in DRA 4.4 Dual band Dual-polarised DRA (DBDP-DRA) 4.5 Dual-band Circular-polarised DRA (DBCP-DRA) 4.6 Pattern Reconfigurable Dual-polarised DRA (PRDP DRA) 4.7 Summary and Future Work 4.8 References Chapter 5 Pattern Reconfigurable DRA and Efficiency Measurement 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Phase Shifter Chips 5.3 Mechanical Phase Shifter 5.4 Electrical Phase Shifters 5.5 PRDP DRA with GaAs SPDT Switches 5.6 Comparison Between PRDP-DRA with GaAs SPDT Switches and Hard wired Switches 5.7 Antenna Efficiency Measurement 5.8 Conclusion 5.9 References Chapter 6 Miniaturized Antennas for Picocells/ Femtocells and TV White Space 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Antenna Miniaturization via Shaping 6.2.1 Quasi self complementary UWB antenna 6.2.2 Slot UWB antenna 6.2.3 Monopole UWB antenna 6.3 Antenna Miniaturization via Material Loading 6.4 Frequency Tuneable Hexaferrite Antenna 6.5 Conclusion 6.6 References Chapter 7 Conclusion and Future Work 7.1 Conclusion 7.2 Key Contributions 7.3 Future Work 7.4 References Abbreviations