Introduction 1 Strategic Conception 1.1 Proposing the Belt and Road Initiative 1.2 Planning of the Vision and Actions 2 Silk Road: A Brief History 2.1 Definition of the "Silk Road" 2.2 Land-based Silk Road 2.3 Maritime Silk Road 2.4 Cultural Exchanges along the Silk Road 3 Competition Between Great Powers 3.1 New Silk Road Initiative of the United States 3.2 Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union 3.3 European Unions Partnership with Central Asia 3.4 Japans "Silk Road Diplomacy" 3.5 Indias "Look West" Strategy 3.6 Turkeys Strategy of "Departure from Europe for Asia" 3.7 Silk Road Initiative of the United Nations 4 Background 4.1 Economic Landscape 4.2 Trade and Investment Landscape 4.3 Energy Landscape 4.4 Cooperation Consensus 5 Framework 5.1 Basic Connotation 5.2 Basic Principles 5.3 Cooperation Directions 5.4 Cooperation Corridors 6 Cooperation Areas 6.1 Policy Coordination 6.2 Facilities Connectivity 6.3 Unimpeded Trade 6.4 Financial Integration 6.5 People-to-people Bond 7 Mechanisms and Platforms 7.1 Joint Governmental and Non-governmental Efforts 7.2 Cooperation Mechanisms 7.3 Communication Platforms 8 Advantages of Various Regions in China 8.1 Northwestern and Northeastern Regions 8.2 Southwestern Region 8.3 Coastal Regions, and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan 8.4 Inland Regions 8.5 Overseas Chinese 9 Cooperation Results 9.1 High-level Guidance and Facilitation 9.2 Signing Cooperation Agreements 9.3 Strengthening Communication and Consultation 9.4 Improving Policies and Measures 9.5 Active Responses from Local Governments 10 Vision and Outlook 10.1 Chinas Proposal and Worldwide Participation 10.2 Pluralism, Flexibility, and Active Coordination 10.3 All-round Exchanges and Gaining More Recognition 10.4 Steady Advancement and Striving for Substantive Results 10.5 Mutual Trust and Learning, and Win-win Cooperation References Appendix Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Postscript