Chapter 1 Semantics in linguistics 1．1 Definition of semantics 1．2 Semantics and semiotics 1．3 Semantics and pragmatics 1．4 Some important assumptions 1．4．1 Reference and sense 1．4．2 Utterances， sentences and propositions 1．4．3 Sentence meaning and utterance meaning 1．4．4 Literal and non-literal meaning 1．4．5 Refer and denote 1．4．6 Referents and extensions 1．4．7 Conceptual meaning and associative meaning 1．5 Meanings of meaning 1．5．1 The referential theory： meaning as naming 1．5．2 Conceptualism： meaning as concept 1．5．3 Contextualism： meaning as context 1．5．4 Behaviorism： meaning as behavior 1．6 Summary Chapter 2 Language， thought and reality． 2．1 Language and thought 2．1．1 Language determines thought 2．1．2 Thought determines language 2．1．3 The language of thought hypothesis 2．2 Thought and reality 2．3 Language and reality 2．4 Summary Chapter 3 Word meaning 3．1 What is a word？ 3．2 Lexical ambiguity and vagueness 3．3 Sense relations 3．3．1 Synonymy 3．3．2 Antonymy 3．3．3 Hyponymy 3．3．4 Homonymy 3．3．5 Polysemy 3．3．6 Meronymy 3．3．7 Member——collection 3．3．8 Portion——mass 3．4 Summary Chapter 4 Sentence relations and truth 4．1 Logic and truth 4．2 Necessary truth， a priori truth and analyticity 4．3 Entailment 4．4 Presupposition 4．4．1 Two approaches to presupposition 4．4．2 Presupposition failure 4．4．3 Presupposition triggers 4．4．4 Presuppositions and context 4．5 Summary Chapter 5 Sentence semantics 1： situations 5．1 situation types 5．2 Verbs and situation types 5．2．1 Stative verbs 5．2．2 Dynamic verbs 5．3 A system of situation types 5．4 Modalityand evidentiality 5．4．1 Modality 5．4．2 Interpretations of some modal verbs 5．4．3 Evidentiality 5．5 Summary Chapter 6 Sentence semantics 2： thematic roles 6．1 Thematic roles 6．2 Identification of thematic roles 6．3 Grammatical relations and thematic roles 6．4 Problems with thematic roles 6．5 The motivation for identifying thematic roles 6．6 Voice 6．7 Summary Chapter 7 Context and inference： a pragmatic study of meaning 1 7．1 Deixis 7．1．1 Place deixis 7．1．2 Person deixis 7．1．3 Time deixis 7．1．4 Discourse deixis 7．1．5 Social deixis 7．1．6 Grammaticalization of contextual information 7．1．7 Metaphorical relationship between space， time and discourse deixis 7．2 Reference and context 7．3 Knowledge as context 7．3．1 Situation as context 7．3．2 Discourse as context 7．3．3 Background knowledge as context 7．3．4 Giving background knowledge to computers 7．4 Information structure 7．5 Inference 7．6 Conversational implicature 7．6．1 Grices Cooperative Principle 7．6．2 Post-Gricean developments 7．7 Summary Chapter 8 Speech act theory： a pragmatic study of meaning 2 8．1 Austins Speech Act Theory 8．1．1 The performative-constative dichotomy 8．1．2 Felicity conditions 8．1．3 Collapse of the dichotomy 8．1．4 A theory of illocutionary act 8．2 Searles theory of speech acts 8．3 Indirect speech acts 8．4 Indirect speech acts and politeness 8．5 Summary Chapter 9 Decomposition of meaning 9．1 Componential analysis 9．2 Katzs semantic theory 9．2．1 The Katzian dictionary 9．2．2 Projection rules 9．3 Components and conflation patterns 9．4 Conflation patterns of motion verbs in English and Chinese．．- 9．4．1 Conflation patterns of manner verbs in English and Chinese 9．4．2 Conflation patterns of path verbs in English and Chinese ——． 9．5 Predication analysis 9．6 Summary Chapter 10 Cognitive semantics 10．1 Metaphor and metonymy 10．1．1 Metaphor 10．1．2 Metonymy 10．1．3 Metaphor-metonymy interaction 10．2 image schema 10．2．1 Containment schema 10．2．2 Path schema 10．2．3 Force schema 10．3 Polysemy 10．3．1 Prepositions 10．3．2 Modal verbs 10．4 Categorization and idealized cognitive models 10．4．1 Categorization 10．4．2 Idealized cognitive models 10．5 Iconicity 10．5．1 Iconicity of order 10．5．2 Iconicity of distance 10．5．3 Iconicity of quantity 10．5．4 Philosophical interpretation of iconicity 10．5．5 Iconicity and other competing principles 10．6 Mental spaces 10．6．1 Connections between spaces 10．6．2 Referential opacity 10．6．3 Presupposition 10．7 Conceptual blending 10．7．1 The origins of Blending Theory 10．7．2 Towards a theory of conceptual integration 10．7．3 The nature of blending 10．7．4 Contrasting Blending Theory with Conceptual Metaphor Theory 10．8 Grammaticalization 10．9 Summary Bibliography
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