TPO 30 /1 Passage 1 Role of Play in Development /1 Passage 2 The Pace of Evolutionary Change /7 Passage 3 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock /13 TPO 31 /19 Passage 1 Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations /19 Passage 2 Early Childhood Education /21 Passage 3 Savanna Foemation /24 TPO 32 /29 Passage 1 Plant Colonization /29 Passage 2 Siam， 1851―1910 /31 Passage 3 Distributions of Tropical Bee Colonies /34 TPO 33 /38 Passage 1 The First Civilizations /38 Passage 2 Railroad and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-century United States /45 Passage 3 Extinction Episodes of the Past /50 TPO 34 /57 Passage 1 Islamic Art and the Book /57 Passage 2 The Development of Steam Power /62 Passage 3 Protection of Plants by Insects /67 TPO 35 /74 Passage 1 Earth’s Age /74 Passage 2 The Development of Social Complexity /80 Passage 3 Seasonal Succession in Phytoplankton /86 TPO 36 /93 Passage 1 Soil Formation /93 Passage 2 Early Ideas About Deep-sea Biology /99 Passage 3 Industrial Melanism： the Case of the Peppered Moth /106 TPO 37 /112 Passage 1 Thales and the Milesians /112 Passage 2 Direct Species Translocation /117 Passage 3 Modern Architecture in the United States /126 TPO 38 /135 Passage 1 Microscopes /135 Passage 2 The Raccoons’s Success /141 Passage 3 Transgenic Plants /148 TPO 39 /158 Passage 1 Early Writing Systems /158 Passage 2 The Extinction of Moa /161 Passage 3 Forest Fire Suppression /164 TPO 40 /168 Passage 1 Ancient Athens /168 Passage 2 Latitude and Biodiversity /170 Passage 3 Amphibian Thermoregulation /172 TPO 41 /175 Passage 1 Navajo Art /175 Passage 2 Climate of Venus /177 Passage 3 Trade and Early State Formation /179 TPO 42 /183 Passage 1 Geographic Isolation of Species /183 Passage 2 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction /185 Passage 3 Callisto and Ganymede /187 TPO 43 /190 Passage 1 The Empire of Alexander the Great /190 Passage 2 The Origin of Petroleum /194 Passage 3 El Nino /198 TPO 44 /201 Passage 1 From Fish to Terrestrial Vertebrates /201 Passage 2 The Use of the Camera Obscura /205 Passage 3 Seagrasses /208 TPO 45 /211 Passage 1 Microscopes the Beringia Landscape /211 Passage 2 Wind Pollination /216 Passage 3 Feeding Strategies in the Ocean /220 TPO 46 /224 Passage 1 The Origins of Writing /224 Passage 2 The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe /228 Passage 3 Ecosystem Diversity and Stability /232 TPO 47 /236 Passage 1 Roman Cultural Influence on Britain /236 Passage 2 Termite Ingenuity /239 Passage 3 Coral Reefs /241 TPO 48 /244 Passage 1 Chinese Population Growth /244 Passage 2 Determining Dinosaur Diet /247 Passage 3 Climate and Urban Development /251 TPO 49 /255 Passage 1 Ancient Coastlines /255 Passage 2 Movable Type /257 Passage 3 Background for the Industrial Revolution /259 TPO 50 /263 Passage 1 American Railroads /263 Passage 2 The Achievement of Brazilian Independence /266 Passage 3 Star Death /270 TPO 51 /274 Passage 1 Memphis： United Egypt’s First Capital /274 Passage 2 Surface Fluids on Venus and Earth /278 Passage 3 Population Growth in Nineteenth-century Europe /281 TPO 52 /286 Passage 1 Stream Deposits /286 Passage 2 Natufian Culture /289 Passage 3 Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa /292 TPO 53 /296 Passage 1 Questions About a Drama Class /296 Passage 2 Sounds in the Film /300 Passage 3 Paleolithic Cave Paintings /303 TPO 54 /308 Passage 1 The Commercialization of Lumber /308 Passage 2 Overkill of the North American Megafauna /311 Passage 3 Elements of Life /314
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