1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU 2 Introduction 4 Information Systems 4 People 6 Software 7 System Software 7 Application Software 8 Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program 9 Hardware 10 Types of Computers 10 Cell Phones 11 Personal Computer Hardware 11 Data 13 Connectivity and the Mobile Internet 14 Careers in IT 15 A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology 16 Visual Summary 17 Key Terms 20 Multiple Choice 21 Matching 22 Open-Ended 22 Discussion 23 2 THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 24 Introduction 26 The Internet and the Web 26 Making IT work for you: Online Entertainment 28 Internet Access 30 Providers 30 Browsers 30 Web Utilities 32 Filters 32 File Transfer Utilities 32 Internet Security Suites 33 Communication 34 Social Networking 34 Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis 35 Messaging 36 E-mail 37 Search Tools 39 Search Engines 39 Content Evaluation 39 Electronic Commerce 40 Security 41 Cloud Computing 42 The Internet of Things 43 Careers in IT 44 A Look to the Future: Home Smart Home 45 Visual Summary 46 Key Terms 50 Multiple Choice 51 Matching 52 Open-Ended 52 Discussion 53 3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 54 Introduction 56 Application Software 56 User Interface 56 Common Features 58 General-Purpose Applications 58 Word Processors 58 Spreadsheets 61 Presentation Software 63 Database Management Systems 64 Specialized Applications 65 Graphics Programs 65 Video Game Design Software 66 Web Authoring Programs 67 Other Specialized Applications 68 Mobile Apps 68 Apps 68 App Stores 69 Software Suites 70 Office Suites 70 Cloud Computing 70 Specialized and Utility Suites 70 Careers in IT 71 Making IT work for you: Cloud Office Suites 72 A Look to the Future: VR and AR Applications in the Workplace 74 Visual Summary 75 Key Terms 78 Multiple Choice 79 Matching 80 Open-Ended 80 Discussion 81 4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 82 Introduction 84 System Software 84 Operating Systems 85 Functions 85 Features 86 Categories 87 Mobile Operating Systems 88 Desktop Operating Systems 89 Windows 89 macOS 89 UNIX and Linux 90 Virtualization 90 Utilities 91 Making IT work for you: Virtual Assistant 92 Operating System Utilities 94 Utility Suites 97 Careers in IT 97 A Look to the Future: Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human 98 Visual Summary 99 Key Terms 102 Multiple Choice 103 Matching 104 Open-Ended 104 Discussion 105 5 THE SYSTEM UNIT 106 Introduction 108 System Unit 108 Smartphones 108 Tablets 108 Laptops 109 Desktops 109 Making IT work for you: Gaming 110 Wearable Computers 112 Components 112 System Board 113 Microprocessor 114 Microprocessor Chips 115 Specialty Processors 115 Memory 116 RAM 116 ROM 116 Flash Memory 116 Expansion Cards and Slots 117 Bus Lines 118 Expansion Buses 118 Ports 119 Standard Ports 119 Specialized Ports 119 Cables 120 Power Supply 120 Electronic Data and Instructions 121 Numeric Representation 121 Character Encoding 122 Careers in IT 123 A Look to the Future: Brain–Computer Interfaces 124 Visual Summary 125 Key Terms 128 Multiple Choice 129 Matching 130 Open-Ended 130 Discussion 131 6 INPUT AND OUTPUT 132 Introduction 134 What Is Input? 134 Keyboard Entry 134 Keyboards 135 Pointing Devices 136 Touch Screen 136 Mouse 136 Game Controllers 136 Scanning Devices 137 Optical Scanners 137 Card Readers 138 Bar Code Readers 138 RFID Readers 138 Character and Mark Recognition Devices 139 Image Capturing Devices 139 Digital Cameras 139 Webcams 140 Audio-Input Devices 140 Voice Recognition Systems 140 What Is Output? 141 Monitors 141 Features 141 Flat-Panel Monitors 142 E-book Readers 142 Other Monitors 143 Printers 144 Features 144 Inkjet Printers 145 Laser Printers 145 3D Printers 145 Other Printers 145 Audio-Output Devices 146 Combination Input and Output Devices 146 Headsets 146 Multifunctional Devices 147 Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers 147 D
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