徐鶴，南開大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，教授、博導(dǎo)。目前兼任日本北九州市立大學(xué)客座教授，政府間氣候變化委員會(huì)（IPCC）AR5 編審專家，Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management雜志副主編，Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal雜志編輯。南開大學(xué)戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)研究中心，主任中國（南開）再生資源研究中心，副主任南開大學(xué)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心，副主任中美環(huán)境修復(fù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究中心，副主任（中方）泰達(dá)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)中心，副主任長期以來一直從事戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)（針對(duì)政策、規(guī)劃和計(jì)劃開展的環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)）領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)理論和實(shí)踐研究。作為戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的咨詢專家，先后參加了世界銀行（WB）、亞洲開發(fā)銀行（ADB）、加拿大國際開發(fā)署（CIDA）、瑞典國際開發(fā)署（SIDA）、聯(lián)合國高等研究所（UNU/IAS）、地球環(huán)境研究所（IGES）等戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的國際合作項(xiàng)目，主持、參加了幾十項(xiàng)的環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的實(shí)踐工作，其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)參與大量國家戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)導(dǎo)則和地方及行業(yè)技術(shù)規(guī)范的咨詢工作。2005以來，結(jié)合教育部“985工程”建設(shè)，重點(diǎn)開展了循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源再生等領(lǐng)域的研究，并先后被聘為南開大學(xué)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心（2005）副主任和中國（南開）資源再生研究中心副主任。2008年，被政府間氣候變化專業(yè)委員會(huì)（IPCC）聘為編審專家， 重點(diǎn)開展了氣候變化的影響評(píng)估以及碳足跡核算等方面的研究。作為項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人先后承擔(dān)了國際、國家、省部級(jí)縱向基金項(xiàng)目40多項(xiàng)，為企業(yè)和政府承擔(dān)科研課題50多項(xiàng)。
Part 1 Principles and procedures 25 1 Introduction and principles 26 1.1 Introduction 26 1.2 The nature of EIA 27 1.3 The purposes of EIA 30 1.4 Projects，environment and impacts 37 1.5 Changing perspectives on EIA 45 1.6 Current issues in EIA 50 1.7 An outline of subsequent parts and chapters 54 SOME QUESTIONS 55 Notes 56 References 56
2 Origins and development 85 2.1 Introduction 85 2.2 The National Environmental Policy Act and subsequent US systems 86 2.3 The worldwide spread of EIA 96 2.4 Development in the UK 97 2.5 EC Directive 85/337 100 2.6 EC Directive 85/337，as amended by Directive 97/11/EC 105 2.7 An overview of EIA systems in the EU:divergent practice in a converging system? 106 2.8 Continuing issues，review and refinement of the EIA Directive in EU-27 111 2.9 Summary 113 SOME QUESTIONS 114 Notes 114 References 115
3 UK agency and legislative context 142 3.1 Introduction 142 3.2 The principal actors 142 3.3 EIA regulations:an overview 147 3.4 The Town and Country Planning (EIA)Regulations 2011 (previously the Town and Country Planning (EIA)Regulations 1999 and the Town and Country Planning (AEE)Regulations 1988) 151 3.5 Other EIA regulations 161 3.6 Summary and conclusions on changing legislation 167 SOME QUESTIONS 168 Notes 169 References 169
6 Participation， presentation and review 316 6.1 Introduction 316 6.2 Public consultation and participation 317 6.3 Consultation with statutory consultees and other countries 327 6.4 EIA presentation 328 6.5 Review of EISs 333 6.6 Decisions on projects 336 6.7 Summary 341 SOME QUESTIONS 342 Notes 343 References 344
7 Monitoring and auditing: after the decision 367 7.1 Introduction 367 7.2 The importance of monitoring and auditing in the EIA process 368 7.3 Monitoring in practice 370 7.4 Auditing in practice 375 7.5 A UK case study:monitoring and auditing the local socio-economic impacts of the Sizewell B PWR construction project 379 7.6 A UK case study:monitoring the local impacts of the London 2012 Olympics project 387 7.7 Summary 390 SOME QUESTIONS 391 Notes 391 References 392
Part 3 Practice 425 8 An overview of UK practice to date 426 8.1 Introduction 426 8.2 Number and type of EISs and projects 427 8.3 The pre-submission EIA process 432 8.4 EIS quality 438 8.5 The post-submission EIA process 442 8.6 Legal challenges 447 8.7 Costs and benefits of EIA 459 8.8 Summary 462 SOME QUESTIONS 463 Notes 463 References 463
9 Case studies of EIA in practice 512 9.1 Introduction 512 9.2 Wilton power station case study:project definition in EIA 513 9.3 N21 link road，Republic of Ireland:EIA and European protected habitats 520 9.4 Portsmouth incinerator:public participation in EIA 528 9.5 Humber Estuary development:cumulative effects assessment 534 9.6 Stansted airport second runway:health impact assessment 540 9.7 Cairngorm mountain railway:mitigation in EIA 550 9.8 SEA of UK offshore wind energy development 554 9.9 SEA of Tyne and Wear local transport plan 563 9.10 Summary 572 SOME QUESTIONS 573 References 573
10 Comparative practice 597 10.1 Introduction 597 10.2 EIA status worldwide 598 10.3 Benin 603 10.4 Peru 605 10.5 China 607 10.6 Poland 610 10.7 Canada 613 10.8 Australia and Western Australia 615 10.9 International bodies 620 10.10 Summary 622 SOME QUESTIONS 623 References 624
12 Improving the effectiveness of project assessment 692 12.1 Introduction 692 12.2 Perspectives on change 693 12.3 Possible changes in the EIA process:overviews of the future agenda 695 12.4 Possible changes in the EIA process:more specific examples 697 12.5 Extending EIA to project implementation:environmental management systems，audits and plans 716 12.6 Summary 721 SOME QUESTIONS 722 Notes 723 References 723
附錄 727 附錄1 歐盟委員會(huì)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指令全文 (合并版) 727 附錄2 城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃(EIA)法規(guī)2011 清單2 (規(guī)定2.1) 738 附錄3 歐盟委員會(huì)戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)指令全文 743 附錄4 The Lee和Colley評(píng)審標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 748 附錄5 環(huán)境影響報(bào)告評(píng)審系統(tǒng)牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)影響評(píng)價(jià)小組 (IAU) 748 Appendices 756 Appendix 1 Full text of the European Commission’s EIA Directive(the Consolidated EIA Directive) 756 Appendix 2 Town and Country Planning (EIA)Regulations 2011—Schedule 2 (Regulation 2.1) 771 Appendix 3 Full text of the European Commission’s SEA Directive 777 Appendix 4 The Lee and Colley review package 784 Appendix 5 Environmental impact statement review package(IAU，Oxford Brookes University) 785
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