Foreword 1 The Significance of Biodiversity001 11 The Meaning of Biodiversity002 12 Biodiversity as an Essential Basis for Economic and Social Development004 13 Biodiversity as a Solid Basis for Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth010 131 Biodiversity Provides a Favorable Environment for the Harmonious Coexistence of Organisms010 132 Biodiversity Provides Necessary Conditions for the Reproduction and Evolution of Species013 133 Biodiversity Provides a Fundamental Guarantee for the Stability of Ecosystems014 14 Biodiversity as a Major Pillar for Sustainable World Development016 15 Biodiversity as a Key Factor Affecting the Rise and Fall of Human Civilization020 2 Biodiversity: Current Status and Challenges023 21 Current Status of Biodiversity024 211 Loss of Species Diversity024 212 Deterioration of Ecosystem Diversity029 213 Loss of Genetic Diversity033 22 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity035 221 Evolution of Biodiversity Conservation035 222 Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity036 23 Main Challenges038 3 Major Drivers of the Biodiversity Crisis043 31 Habitat Loss045 311 Forest Destruction046
312 Grasslands Destruction048 313 Destruction of Freshwater Habitats050 314 Destruction of Marine Habitats051 32 Excessive Consumption of Biological Resources052 321 Excessive Consumption for Energy Use052 322 Excessive Consumption for Food054 323 Excessive Consumption for Medicinal Use054 324 Excessive Consumption for Clothes Making055 325 Excessive Consumption for Handicraft Use056 33 Climate Change056 331 Temperature Increases057 332 Ocean Acidification058 333 Glacier Melting058 334 Extremely Severe Disasters059 34 Environmental Pollution060 341 Air Pollution061 342 Freshwater Pollution061 343 Soil Pollution062 344 Marine Pollution062 35 Invasive Alien Species063 351 Unintentional Human Introduction of Alien Species064 352 Deliberate Human Introduction of Alien Species065 353 Invasion of Alien Species Indirectly Triggered by Climate Change066 354 Invasion of Genetically Modified Organisms067 36 Climate Change Is Increasingly Becoming the Overall Driver of the Biodiversity Crisis067 4 Unsustainable Energy Development: an Important Cause of the Biodiversity Crisis069 41 Exacerbation of Climate Change071 411 Significant Amounts of CO2 Produced by Fossil Fuel Combustion071 412 Large Amounts of Methane Are Produced during Fossil Fuel Production and Utilization073 42 Environmental Pollution073 421 Fresh Water and Soil Pollution due to Fossil Fuel Production073 422 Oil and Thermal Pollution Threatens Marine Ecological Security076 423 Air Pollution Caused by Fossil Fuel Combustion078
43 Habitat Loss081 431 Exploitation of Fossil Energy Intensifies Water and Soil Erosion in Mining Areas081 432 Exploitation of Fossil Energy Leads to Habitat Fragmentation083 433 Fossil Energy Exploitation and Use Consumes Significant Water Resources084 44 Excessive Biological Resource Consumption085 441 Biomass Energy Development and Usage Causes Excessive Forest Resource Consumption085 442 Limited Electricity Access Leads to Tremendous Food Waste086 45 Increasing Risk of Biological Invasion086 46 Prioritizing Fossil Energy Development Seriously Threatens Biodiversity088 5 Promoting Biodiversity Protection through the Energy and Electric Power Revolution089 51 Accelerated Energy and Electric Power Revolution Necessary to Achieve Biodiversity Goals090 511 Biodiversity Protection Creates an Urgent Need for Green, Low-Carbon Energy Development090 512 Directions of Energy and Electric Power Transition091 513 Energy and Electric Power Transition Tasks093 52 GEI Construction Is Core to the Energy and Electric Power Revolution096 521 The Essence of GEI096 522 GEI Promotes the Energy and Electric Power Revolution101 523 Development Roadmap for GEI105 53 Building GEI Offers a Systematic Solution for Biodiversity Protection111 531 Radically Addressing Climate Change112 532 Fully Controlling Environmental Pollution115 533 Dramatically Reducing Habitat Loss120 534 Effectively Promoting the Sustainable Use of Biological Resources127 535 Vigorously Promoting Ecological Restoration130 6 Plan and Roadmap for Promoting Biodiversity Conservation Based on GEI135 61 Plan for Promoting GEI-based Climate Governance136 611 Accelerate Reduction of Emissions during Energy Production137 612 Accelerate Emissions Reduction during Energy Consumption151 613 Actively Implement Negative Emissions Measures156
62 Plans for Promotion of Environmental Governance Based on GEI157 621 Accelerating the Phasing out of Fossil Fuels158 622 Advocate Green Energy Use163 623 Promote Clean Treatment of Pollutants167 63 Plans for Habitat Protection Based on GEI168 631 Accelerate the Development of High-Efficiency Ecological Agriculture168 632 Accelerate Energy, Transportation and Information Networks (ETI) Integration169 633 Accelerate Micro-Grid on Islands174 64 Plans for Promoting Sustainable Use of Biological Resources Based on GEI175 641 Replace Firewood with Electricity to Reduce Deforestation175 642 Reduce Food Waste via Electric Refrigeration176 643 Reduce Consumption of Biological Resources via Electrosynthesis of Raw Materials177 644 Promote Ecological Poverty Alleviation via Upgrading the Industrial Chain177 65 Plans for Promoting Ecological Restoration and Emergency Protection Based on GEI178 651 Accelerate the Application of “Electricity-Water-Land-Forest”178 652 Promote Dynamic Biodiversity Monitoring Systems179 653 Improve Wildlife Emergency Protection Capabilities180 66 Innovation Plan for Key Biodiversity Promotion Technology Based on GEI183 661 Accelerate Technological Innovation in Clean Power Generation183 662 Accelerate Innovation in Clean Power Distribution185 663 Speed up Technological Innovation in Electricity Replacement186 664 Accelerate Technological Innovation in Electrosynthesis of Fuels and Raw Materials188 665 Accelerate innovation in CCUS technology189 67 GEI Provides an Excellent Tool for Promotion of Biodiversity Protection191 7 Supporting Mechanisms and Outlook193 71 Key Mechanisms for Biodiversity Conservation via GEI194 711 Planning and Coordination Mechanism195 712 Policy Support Mechanism195 713 Financial Investment Mechanism196 714 International Cooperation Mechanism196 715 Capacity Building Mechanism197 72 Future Outlook and Proposals198
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