PREFACE SUMMARY 1 Development Status and Trend?001 1.1 Development Status?002 1.1.1 DI Technologies Leading Social Change?002 1.1.2 DI Technologies are Widely Used in the Power Sector?003 1.1.3 Electric Power Development Promotes the Progress of DI Technologies?003 1.2 Situations and Requirements?004 1.2.1 Requirements for Establishing a New Power System?004 1.2.2 Requirements for Building a Smart Operation System?005 1.2.3 Requirements for Collaborative and Integrated Industry Development?006 1.3 Target Orientation?006 1.3.1 Smart Upgrade of Power System?007 1.3.2 Construction of Energy Interconnection Ecology?008 1.4 Key Technologies?009 1.4.1 Accurate Sensing Sensor (Measure) Technology?009 1.4.2 Information Transmission Communication Technology?009 1.4.3 Stable Operation Control (Protection) Technology?010 1.4.4 Core Element Chip Technology?010 1.4.5 Data Platform Big Data and Blockchain?010 1.4.6 Decision Support Artificial Intelligence?011 1.5 Summary?011 2 Sensor (Measure) Technology?013 2.1 Current Technical Status?014 2.1.1 History of Development?014 2.1.2 Current Application?015 _x005f 2.2 Main Applications?021 2.2.1 Measurement of Core Electrical Quantities?021 2.2.2 Sensing of Operating Status of Power Generation Device?022 2.2.3 Sensing of Operating Status of Power Transmission Line?025 2.2.4 Sensing of Operating Status of Transformer Equipment?027 2.2.5 Sensing of Operating Status of Power Distribution Device?031 2.2.6 Sensing of Operating Status for Electrical Load?033 2.3 Key Technologies?034 2.3.1 MEMS Sensor Technology?034 2.3.2 Optical Fiber Sensor Technology?036 2.3.3 Networking Technology for Sensors?038 2.3.4 Selfenergy Extraction Technology?039 2.4 R&D Direction?041 2.4.1 Lowcost Integration?041 2.4.2 Builtin Antiinterference Capability?042 2.4.3 Multinode Ad Hoc Network?042 2.4.4 Low Energy Consumption in Selfenergy Extraction?043 2.5 Summary?044 3 Communication Technology?045 3.1 Current Technical Status?046 3.1.1 History of Development?046 3.1.2 Current Application?049 3.2 Main Applications?050 3.2.1 Communication inside Power Generation Plant?050 3.2.2 Power Communication Network?051 3.2.3 Communication on User Side?055 3.3 Key Technologies?057 3.3.1 Carrier Communication?057 3.3.2 Optical Fiber Communication?059 3.3.3 Microwave Communication?063 3.3.4 Satellite Communication?064 3.3.5 Bus Communication?066 3.4 R&D Direction?067
3.4.1 Larger Capacity?067 3.4.2 Wider Coverage?068 3.4.3 Lower Delay?069 3.4.4 Higher Security?071 3.5 Summary?072 4 Control (Protection) Technology?073 4.1 Current Technical Status?074 4.1.1 Stage of Classical Control Theory?074 4.1.2 Stage of Modern Control Theory?076 4.1.3 Stage of Intelligent Control Theory?078 4.1.4 Development History of Protection Technology?079 4.2 Main Applications?079 4.2.1 Power Plant Control System?080 4.2.2 Power Grid Dispatching Control?082 4.2.3 Integrated Substation Automation?087 4.2.4 Power Demand Control?089 4.3 Key Technologies?090 4.3.1 Classical Control?090 4.3.2 Linear System Control?091 4.3.3 Nonlinear System Control?094 4.3.4 System Identification?097 4.3.5 Fuzzy Logic Control?098 4.3.6 Neural Network Control?099 4.3.7 Expert Control?100 4.3.8 Genetic Algorithm?100 4.3.9 Wide Area Protection?101 4.4 R&D Direction?102 4.4.1 Stochastic Optimal Control?103 4.4.2 MeasurementIdentificationControl Technology?104 4.4.3 Wide Area Control Technology?104 4.4.4 Collaborative Technology Between Protection and Control?107 4.4.5 System Protection?107 4.5 Summary?108
5 Chip Technology?111 5.1 Current Technical Status?112 5.1.1 History of Development?112 5.1.2 Current Application?115 5.2 Main Applications?120 5.2.1 Smart Meter?121 5.2.2 Power Communication?122 5.2.3 Electricity Safety?123 5.2.4 Asset Management?124 5.2.5 Equipment Status Monitoring?125 5.3 Key Technologies?125 5.3.1 Low Power Consumption?126 5.3.2 Design for Reliability?129 5.3.3 Electromagnetic Protection?131 5.3.4 Design for Testability?133 5.3.5 Thermal Simulation?135 5.4 R&D Direction?138 5.4.1 Sensor Chips?138 5.4.2 Communication Chips?139 5.4.3 Main Control Chip?140 5.4.4 Secure Chip?140 5.4.5 Radio Frequency Identification Chip?140 5.5 Summary?141 6 Big Data and Blockchain Technology?143 6.1 Current Technical Status?144 6.1.1 History of Development?144 6.1.2 Current Application?146 6.2 Main Applications?149 6.2.1 System Operation?149 6.2.2 Corporate Governance?151 6.2.3 Market Analysis?152
6.2.4 Predictive Study?153 6.2.5 Market Transactions?154 6.3 Key Technologies?155 6.3.1 Integration of MultiSource Data?155 6.3.2 Analysis and Mining?156 6.3.3 Distributed Storage?157 6.3.4 Parallel Computing?158 6.3.5 Visualization?158 6.3.6 Consensus Algorithm?159 6.3.7 Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithm?160 6.3.8 Peertopeer Network Technology?160 6.3.9 Smart Contract?161 6.3.10 Other Data Processing Techniques?161 6.4 R&D Direction?163 6.4.1 Acquisition and Storage Technology of Big Data?163 6.4.2 Analysis and Mining Technology of Big Data?164 6.4.3 Security and Privacy Protection for Big Data?165 6.4.4 Upgrade of Core Technology of Blockchain?166 6.5 Summary?167 7 Artificial Intelligence Technology?169 7.1 Current Technical Status?170 7.1.1 History of Development?170 7.1.2 Current Application?173 7.2 Main Applications?174 7.2.1 Source and Load Forecasting?175 7.2.2 Power Grid Dispatching?176 7.2.3 Equipment O&M?177 7.2.4 Electricity Marketing?179 7.2.5 Planning and Design?181 7.3 Key Technologies?181 7.3.1 Machine Learning?182 7.3.2 Speech Processing?184 7.3.3 Computer Vision?187 _x000c_
7.3.4 Intelligent Robot?189 7.3.5 Biometric Identification?190 7.3.6 Expert System?192 7.4 Development Direction?193 7.4.1 Swarm Intelligence?193 7.4.2 Hybrid Enhanced Intelligence?194 7.4.3 Cognitive Intelligence?195 7.4.4 Unmanned Intelligence?195 7.5 Summary?196 8 Development Prospect?197 8.1 Development Trend of Technologies?198 8.2 Prospect of Development Scenario?200 8.2.1 DI Power System?200 8.2.2 Intelligent Enterprise Management?204 8.2.3 “Energy Information ” Industry?206 8.2.4 Power Big Data Empowerment?210 Appendix Abbreviations / Definitions?215
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