Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Fundamentals of Plasticizers 6
1.2.1 Symbols and Abbreviations 6
1.2.2 Major Functions of Plasticizers 6
1.2.3 Major Performance-Determining Factors for Plasticizers 10
1.2.4 Mechanism for Plasticity Increase by Plasticizers 11
1.2.5 Property Requirements for Plasticizers 13
1.2.6 Inspection Standards for Plasticizers 18
1.2.7 Types of Plasticizers 18
1.3 Cyclohexane-1， 2-Dicarboxylate Plasticizers 22
1.4 Environmentally Friendly Plasticizers 25
1.5 Developmental Direction of Plasticizer Industry in China 26
1.6 Main Contents of This Book 27
References 27
2 Foreign and Domestic Plasticizer Laws 33
2.1 Foreign Plasticizer Laws， Evolution 33
2.2 Domestic Plasticizer Laws and Evolution 33
2.3 Interpretations of Foreign and Domestic Plasticizer Laws 37
2.3.1 EU Bans 37
2.3.2 EU’s REACH Policy [1，2] 39
2.3.3 The EU’s RoHS [1，3] 40
2.3.4 USA’s CPSIA 42
2.3.5 Related Phthalate Laws in Other Countries 44
2.3.6 Domestic Laws [4–6] 44
2.4 Comparison and Trend of Plasticizer Laws for Food Contact Applications 47
2.4.1 Current Status 47
2.4.2 Chinese Laws and Regulations 47
2.4.3 EU’s Laws and Regulations 47
2.4.4 USA’s Laws and Regulations 48
2.5 Conclusion 48
References 49
3 Current Status of Plasticizer Research 51
3.1 Foreign Research Status 51
3.1.1 Phthalate Hydrogenation Technology 51
3.1.2 Research on Toxicity of Phthalate Compounds 55
3.2 Domestic Research Status 55
3.2.1 Synthesis of DIBCH(1999)[9] 55
3.2.2 Synthesis of HHPA(2000)[10] 57
3.3 Di(2-Propylheptyl) Phthalate (2006) [13] 59
3.3.1 Physical Properties 59
3.3.2 Performance 60
3.4 Cyclohexane Dicarboxylate Plasticizers (2010)[14] 64
3.4.1 Preparation of Cyclohexane Dicarboxylate Plasticizers 65
3.4.2 Properties and Assessment of Cyclohexane Dicarboxylate Plasticizers 66
3.4.3 Application Examples of Formulation 71
3.4.4 Conclusion 72
3.5 Development Status of Plasticizers (2010， 2011) [18，19] 73
3.5.1 Status of Plasticizers in Foreign Countries 73
3.5.2 Status of Plasticizers in China 73
3.5.3 New Environmentally Friendly Plasticizers 75
3.5.4 Sustainable Development of Plasticizers in China 75
3.6 Diisononyl Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarboxylate(2010，2014)[20，21] 76
3.6.1 Physical Properties 77
3.6.2 Production Routes of DINCH 77
3.6.3 Applications of DINCH 79
3.7 Environmentally Friendly Plasticizers 81
3.7.1 Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarboxylate Plasticizer(2011)[22] 81
3.7.2 Research and Application Progress of Catalytic Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Plasticizers(2012)[15] 83
3.7.3 Innovations and Applications of Green Plasticizers[97] 91
3.7.4 Technological Innovation and Market Dynamics of Green Plasticizers(2017)[98] 93
3.8 Hydrogenation of Dioctyl Phthalate (2012)[34] 94
3.9 Liquid-Phase Catalytic DOP Hydrogenation and Kinetics(2012)[50] 94
3.10 Synthesis and Application of Environmentally Friendly DEHCH Plasticizer(2013)[38，113，114] 97
3.11 Synthesis and Application of Environmentally Friendly DEHCH Plasticizer(2014–2015) 100
3.11.1 Preparation of DOP Hydrogenation Catalyst(2014)[120] 100
3.11.2 DEHP Hydrogenation Product Analysis Using GC-MC (2015)[42] 100
3.12 Synthesis of DEHCH via Direct Esterification (2015)[121] 103
3.13 Cable Industry’s Response to EU’s Newest Environmental Laws 108
3.14 Applications of Environmentally Friendly Plasticizers in Disposable Gloves(2016)[127] 108
3.15 Development and Application of Environmentally Friendly Polyester Plasticizers (2016)[128] 109
3.16 How to Accurately Assess and Use Benzoate-Based Plasticizers?(2016)[129] 110
3.17 Production Study of Environmentally Friendly DEHCH Plasticizer(2016)[130] 113
3.18 Co-existing Opportunities and Challenges for DOP Market(2017)[115] 115
3.19 Conclusion 117
References 122
4 Foreign and Domestic Inventions and Patents 129
4.1 Foreign Inventions and Patents 129
4.1.1 Hydrogenation Methods 129
4.1.2 Esterification Methods 133
4.2 Domestic Inventions and Patents 134
4.2.1 A Catalyst for Hydrogenating Dimethyl Terephthalates to Dimethyl Cyclohexane-1，4-Dicarboxylates and the Preparation Thereof(2001)[11] 134
4.2.2 A Plasticizer Containing Cyclohexane Multi-carboxylate and its Preparation Method(2006)[12] 135
4.2.3 A Catalyst for Preparing Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarbolxylates(2008)[13] 136
4.2.4 A Method for Preparing Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarboxylates (2008)[14] 137
4.2.5 A Method for Preparing Environmentally Friendly Di(2-ethylhexyl) Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarboxylate(DEHCH)(2009)[15] 139
4.2.6 A Method for Preparing Environmentally Friendly Di(2-ethylhexyl) Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarboxylate(DEHCH)Plasticizer(2011)[16] 140
4.2.7 A Method for Preparing Cyclohexane-1，2-Dicarboxylates Using Organic Acid Catalysts(2010)[17] 141
4.2.8 A Method for Preparing Cyclohexane-1，2
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