Chapter 1 Aging of the Eye Anatomy Physiology Understanding of TCM Chapter 2 Dry Eyes Introduction Basis What is dry eye? What are the causes? What is tear film? How is dry eye typed? How to distinguish mild, moderate and severe dry eyes? How does Chinese medicine recognize the etiology of dry eye? Diagnosis What are the common screening techniques for dry eyes? What are the diagnostic criteria for dry eyes? How is dry eyes differentiated from other ocular surface diseases? How to identify and classify dry eyes? Treatment What are the main principles of treatment for dry eye? What are the main treatments for dry eyes? What are the current drugs commonly used in ophthalmology clinics for dry eye treatment? How to choose common medications for dry eyes? How are antimicrobials used? What are the treatment options for different severity of dry eyes? What are the non-pharmacological treatment methods? How is dry eyes treated in Chinese ophthalmology? Prevention Can dry eyes be cured? What are the common health care methods for dry eyes prevention and treatment? Chapter 3 Age-Related Cataract Introduction Basis What causes the occurrence and development of ARC, and what are its etiology and pathogenesis? What are the risk factors for the appearance and development of age-related cataracts? What is the etiology and pathogenesis of age-related cataract in Traditional Chinese Medicine? Diagnosis What are the symptoms of age -related cataracts? What are the signs of age-related cataracts? What are the main diagnostic points of age-related cataract? What are the complications of age-related cataracts? What further tests are needed after diagnosis of age-related cataract to prepare for further treatment? Treatment …… Chapter 4 Vitreous Opacity