PREFACE PARY Ⅰ ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL 1 ROOTS OF THE WEST 2 THE GREEK DISCOVERY OF REASON IN NATURE 3 PLATO(ca.427-347 B.C.) The Republic 4 ARISTOTE(384-322 B.C.) Politics 5 POLYBIUS(ca.204-122 B.C.) The Histories 6 CICERO(106-43 B.C.) The Republic and The Laws 7 STOICISM AND EPICUREANISM:TWO HELLENISTIC PHILOSORHIES ?、?Epictetus(ca.A.D.50-120),The Discourese and The Manual ?、?Marcus Aurelius(A.D.121-180),Meditations Ⅲ Epicurus (ca.341-270 B.C.),,Letter to Menoeceus and Principal Doctrines 8 THE JEWISH BELIEF IN ONE GOD,AND CHRISTIAN LOVE 9 ST AUGUSTINE(354-430) The City of Good 10 JOHN OF SALIBBURY(ca.1120-1180) The Statesman's Book 11 ST THOMAS AQUINAS(ca.1225-1274) On Kingship Summa Theologica 12 DANTE(1265-1321) De Monarchia 13 MARSILIO OF PADUA(1270-1342) The Defender of Peace PAPT Ⅱ SIXTEENTH THROUGH EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES 14 MACHIAVELLI(1467-1527) The Prince 15 THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION Ⅰ Luther (1483-1546), Secular Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed Ⅱ Calvin (1509-1564), Institutes of the Christian Religion Ⅲ Stephen Junius Brutus (pseud.), A Defense of Liberty against Tyrants 16 BODIN(1530-1596) Six Books on the State 17 HOBBES(1588-1679) Leviathan 18 LOCKE(1632-1704) Two Treatises of Government 19 MONTESQUIEU(1689-1755) The Spirit of the Laws 20 HUME(1711-1776) Essays Moral, Political, and Literary arid An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 21 ROUSSEAU(1712-1778) The Social Contract 22 KANT(1724-1804) Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 23 SMITH(1723-1790) 24 BURKE(1729-1797) PART Ⅲ NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES 25 BENTHAM(1748-1832) 26 TOCQUEVILLE(1805-1859) 27 MILL(1806-1873) 28 HEGEL(1770-1831) 29 REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNISM 30 NIETZSCHE(1844-1900) 31 FASCISM 32 FREUD(1856-1939) 33 GANDHI(1869-1948) 34 FROM CLASSICAL LIBRALISM TO DEMACRATIC SOCIALISM 35 THE WELFARE STATE 36 LIBERTARIANISM 37 BERLIN(1909-1997) 38 RAWLS(1921- ) BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX