Engineering Graphics

Preface
Unit1 GraphicLanguageofEngineers 1
1.1 IntroductionofEngineeringGraphics 1
1.2 DraftingStandards 3
1.3 UnderstandingProjections 4
1.4 MultiviewDrawings 6
1.5 Three-viewDrawings 8
1.6 First-angle& Third-angleProjections 8
1.7 DrawingProcessofThreeViews 12
Unit2 EngineeringDrawingTechniques 15
2.1 LineConventions(GB/T4457.4—2002) 15
2.2 MeasurementSystems 18
2.3 Scale(GB/T14690—1993) 19
2.4 Dimensions(GB/T4458.4—2003) 20
2.5 Lettering(GB/T14691—1993) 27
2.6 DrawingPencils(GB/T26704—2011) 28
2.7 StandardSheets&Layouts(GB/T14689—2008) 29
2.8 GeometricConstruction 31
2.9 PlanningtheDrawing 40
Unit3 GeometricEntities41
3.1 Points 41
3.2 StraightLines 46
3.3 Planes 50
3.4 MutualLocation 56
3.5 ProjectionAnalysis 59
Unit4 PrimitiveGeometies 62
4.1 PrimitiveGeometies 62
4.2 ExtrudedModels&PlanePrimitives 62
4.3 Prisms 63
4.4 Pyramids 64
4.5 TruncatedPlanePrimitives 66
4.6 RevolvedModels&CurvedPrimitives 69
4.7 CircularCylindricalSurfaces 70
4.8 CircularConeSurfaces 76
4.9 SphericalSurfaces 81
Unit5 IntersectionsofSolidPrimitives 85
5.1 ConstructiveSolidGeometry 85
5.2 IntersectionLinesofSurface-to-Surface 86
5.3 IntersectionsofPlaneSolidandCurvedSolid 87
5.4 IntersectionofCurvedSolids 89
5.5 SpecialCasesofIntersection 96
5.6 TangenciesorIntersections 98
Unit6 RepresentationofViews 100
6.1 Feature-basedModeling 100
6.2 Feature-basedAnalysis 102
6.3 PrincipleViews&ProjectionBox 104
6.4 PartialViews& RemovedViews 108
6.5 RevolutionConventions 109
6.6 AuxiliaryViews 110
6.7 Visualization 112
6.8 ProjectingThirdView 116
Unit7 SectionsandCuts 118
7.1 FullSections 118
7.2 HalfSections 122
7.3 Broken-outSections 123
7.4 OffsetSections 123
7.5 AlignedSections 123
7.6 RevolvedCuts 124
7.7 RemovedCuts 124
Unit8 PictorialProjections 127
8.1 PictorialSketches 127
8.2 IsometricProjections 128
8.3 MakingIsometricDrawing 129
8.4 ObliqueDrawings 135
Unit9 TechnicalDrawings 138
9.1 IntroductiontoTechnicalDrawings 138
9.2 DetailDrawings/Single-partDrawings 139
9.3 Assemblydrawings 140
9.4 FeaturesonMechanicalParts 142
9.5 ConventionalRepresentations 143
9.6 Fillets,RoundsandRunouts 144
9.7 NecessaryViews 146
9.8 SimplifiedDrawings 147
Unit10 Dimensions149
10.1 ConventionsofDimensions 149
10.2 ArrangementofDimensions 151
10.3 SuperfluousDimensions 153
10.4 ShapeAnalysisforDimensioning 154
10.5 SizeDimensions 155
10.6 LocationDimensions 157
10.7 DimensioningProcess 158
Unit11 Tolerances 161
11.1 QualityControl& Tolerances 161
11.2 FitsbetweenMatingParts 163
11.3 Hole-basisSystem &Shaft-basisSystem 164
11.4 SelectiveAssembly 165
11.5 SpecifyingTolerances 165
11.6 ANSISystemofToleranceandFits 173
11.7 ToleranceStacking 174
11.8 PreferredFits 175
Unit12 GeometricTolerances&SurfaceRoughness 177
12.1 SymbolsforTolerancesofFormandLocation 177
12.2 ApplyingToleranceFramestoTolerancedFeatures 180
12.3 DatumFeatures 181
12.4 AdditionalSymbols 182
12.5 UsingGeometricDimensioningandTolerancing 183
12.6 SurfaceFinish&FinishMarks 184
12.7 GraphicalSymbolsofSurfaceTexture 185
12.8 SurfaceTextureParameters&ComplementaryRequirements 186
12.9 AnnotationofSurfaceTextureRequirements 188
Unit13 ThreadFasteners 191
13.1 ScrewThreadTerms 191
13.2 ConventionalRepresentationsAssociatedwithThreads 197
13.3 ThreadNotes 200
13.4 Bolts,StudsandScrews 202
13.5 Bolts,NutsandWashersonDrawings 203
13.6 CapScrewsonDrawings 208
13.7 Studs,SpringLockWashersandNutsonDrawings 211
Unit14 Keys,Pins,Bearings,Gears,Springs 213
14.1 Keys 213
14.2 Pins 215
14.3 RollingBearings 217
14.4 Gears 222
14.5 Springs 228
Unit15 AssemblyDrawings 232
15.1 Typeofassemblydrawings 232
15.2 GeneralAssemblyDrawings 234
15.3 Views,SectionsandAuxiliaries 236
15.4 DimensionsonAssemblyDrawings 238
15.5 Identification&PartsList 240
15.6 OtherAssemblyDrawings 241
Appendix 243
Reference 257