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Ⅵ助動(dòng)詞(2)

英文疑難詳解 作者:錢歌川


88.It is...that...should中should的含義

在It is...that...的句型中,常接用should,那個(gè)should應(yīng)該怎樣翻譯才對(duì)?

【解答】在這種句型中用的should,到底是表示一個(gè)什么意思,文法家頗有不同的意見(jiàn),有的說(shuō)是一種臨時(shí)的假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣,不把那事看做事實(shí),而只是當(dāng)作一個(gè)思考上的問(wèn)題提出而已。至于It is后所接的形容詞或名詞,那才真正是對(duì)那事的判斷或批評(píng)的表示。例如: It is natural that you should count the days before coming home.(如果你要計(jì)算歸期,我認(rèn)為也是當(dāng)然的。)

另外一種意見(jiàn),就認(rèn)為這個(gè)should的意思是含有“正當(dāng)”或是“意外”或“遺憾”的成分在內(nèi)。我覺(jué)得這個(gè)說(shuō)法很對(duì),請(qǐng)看下面的這些實(shí)例,同時(shí)注意翻譯的方法:

(1)表示“正當(dāng)”的:

It is proper that you should pay for it.(=You ought to pay for it.)(你應(yīng)當(dāng)付錢。)

It is necessary that men of this calling should remain single.(干這種職業(yè)的人是應(yīng)該終身不結(jié)婚的。)

It is natural that I should dwell rather upon his successes than upon his failures.——Doyle(我自然應(yīng)當(dāng)詳說(shuō)他的種種成功,而不說(shuō)他的種種失敗。)

It is not well that there should be a difference among the members of a family.(在一個(gè)家庭中發(fā)生不同的意見(jiàn)是不好的。)

It is impossible you should need any assistance.——Cowper(你不至于要什么幫助。)

Is it really possible that you should be so careless?——Doyle(你真會(huì)這樣不當(dāng)心嗎?)

注意:只有在It is impossible...及Is it possible...后面才可以接should或can,若是說(shuō)It is possible時(shí),后面就要接may了,如:

It was possible that I might spend the night there.——Doyle(我很可能在那里過(guò)夜。)

It is impossible that this can be true.(這決不可能是真的。)

Is it possible that he can have forgotten me?(他竟會(huì)把我忘記了嗎?)

(2)表示“意外”或“遺憾”的:

It is strange that he should say so.(他居然會(huì)這樣說(shuō),真是奇怪。)

It is a pity that he should live at such a distance.(他住得那樣遠(yuǎn),真是一件憾事。)

It is singular that on this particular night he should have been up.——Doyle(在那天晚上他竟會(huì)起來(lái)是很奇怪的。)

在why及I am surprised,I regret,I am sorry,I wonder等等的后面用的should,也是表“意外”的,例如:

There is no reason why we should not succeed.(我們沒(méi)有不成功的理由。)

I am surprised that you should not be able to explain it.(你不能解釋這個(gè),我很驚異。)

I regret that it should have come to this.(我很遺憾它會(huì)變成這個(gè)樣子。)


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