更明確地說,社會(huì)學(xué)視野中的全球化已經(jīng)為我們勾勒出一幅完整的現(xiàn)代性與后現(xiàn)代性復(fù)雜關(guān)系的哲學(xué)圖譜:現(xiàn)代性就是自笛卡爾以來的主體性哲學(xué),后現(xiàn)代性則是胡塞爾意識(shí)到主體性哲學(xué)的唯我論缺陷之后所提出的“主體間性”概念,是后來為哈貝馬斯由此所發(fā)展的“交往理性”。不管是否采用“后現(xiàn)代性”一語,凡是對(duì)現(xiàn)代性主體哲學(xué)的批判,都可以視為一種超越了現(xiàn)代性的“后現(xiàn)代性”意識(shí)。“后現(xiàn)代性”曾被一般人誤認(rèn)作一種虛無主義,包括吉登斯、哈貝馬斯等,其實(shí)它不過是一種較為激進(jìn)的胡塞爾主義,例如在德里達(dá)那里,它提醒,我們的意識(shí)、我們的語言、我們的文化等一切屬人的東西是如何遮蔽了我們應(yīng)該追求的真實(shí),它們應(yīng)該被“懸置”起來,以進(jìn)行“現(xiàn)象學(xué)還原”。因而,后現(xiàn)代性就是一種穿越了現(xiàn)代性迷霧的新的認(rèn)識(shí)論和新的反思性。如果說“后現(xiàn)代性”由于過分投入對(duì)理性的批判而使人誤以為它連理性所對(duì)應(yīng)的真理一并拋棄,那么全球化作為一種新的哲學(xué)則既堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)代性的主體、理性、普遍、終極,同時(shí)也將這一切置于與他者、身體、特殊、過程的質(zhì)疑之中。或者反過來說,全球化既不簡單地認(rèn)同現(xiàn)代性,也不那么地肯定后現(xiàn)代性,而是站在它們之間無窮無盡的矛盾、對(duì)抗之上,一個(gè)永不確定的表接( articulation)之上。缺少其中任何一個(gè)維度,都不是“全球化”,都將無法正確認(rèn)識(shí)全球化這個(gè)新的對(duì)象,以及發(fā)生在全球化時(shí)代的任何現(xiàn)象。
a 英文版此處添加了如下內(nèi)容:.
Comparably.with.Robertson’s.‘glocalization’,.Mimi.Sheller.and.John.Urry.see.that. ‘All.the.world.seems.to.be.on.the.move’.(Sheller.and.Urry,.2006:.207;.also.see.Urry,.2000)and. then(Sheller.and.Urry,.2006:.207;.also.see.Urry,.2000)and. then. propose. a.‘Mobilities. Paradigm’.for.the.traditionally.‘static’.social.sciences.they.identify..This.paradigm,.as.they.present.it,.is.‘a(chǎn)imed.at.going.beyond. the.imagery.of.“terrains”.as.spatially.fixed.geographical.containers.for.social.processes,. and. calling. into. question. scalar. logics. such. as. local/global. as. descriptors. of. regional. extent’.(209)..However,.it.is.not.‘simply.a.claim.that.nation-state.sovereignty.has. been.replaced.by.a.single.system.of.mobile.power,.of.“empire”:.a.“smooth.world”,.deterritorialised.and.decentred,.without.a.centre.of.power,.with.no.fixed.boundaries.or. barriers’.(2000)..The.philosophical.implication.(209)as.imagined.by.Hardt.and.Negri.of. this. paradigm. of. sociology. is. to. break. a. sedentarism. loosely. derived. from. the. philosopher.Heidegger.who.locates.dwelling.(wohnen)place.‘a(chǎn)s.the.fundamental.basis.o(209)as.imagined.by.Hardt.and.Negri. of. this. paradigm. of. sociology. is. to. break. a. sedentarism. loosely. derived. from. the. philosopher.Heidegger.who.locates.dwelling.(wohnen)place.‘a(chǎn)s.the.fundamental.basis.of. human.identity.and.experience.and.as.the.basic.units.of.social.research.human.identity’.(208-209);.simply.put,.the.subject,.or.broadly,.the.modernity,.which.is.based.upon. ‘place’,.is.coming. to. its. demise.. In. a. global. context.of,. say,.‘mobilities’,. or. the. ‘liquid.modernity’.(Bauman,.2000),.or,.in.a.‘globalization’.‘on.the.move’.as.said.previously,.a.sociologist.can.no.longer.speak.only.of.the.local,.nor.can.s/he.replace.the.local.with.the.global,.the.dialectic.of.which.indicates.a.philosophical.question.of. universality.and.particularity.reified.in.any.specific.instance..
本段參考文獻(xiàn)如下:.
1..Bauman,.Zygmunt.(2000).Liquid Modernity..Cambridge:.Polity.
2..Hardt,. Michael. and. Antonio. Negri.(2000).Empire.. Cambridge,. MA:. Harvard. University.Press..
3..Sheller,.Mimi.and.John.Urry.(2006).‘The.New.Mobilities.Paradigm’,.Environment and Planning A,.vol..38,.pp..207-226..
4..Urry,. John.(2000).Sociology beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century.. London:.Routledge.