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歡樂頌

歡樂頌與沉思頌 作者:(英)約翰·彌爾頓 著,趙瑞蕻 譯


歡樂頌

離開吧,可厭的憂郁,

你是塞比勒斯和最漆黑的午夜所生,

在斯提克斯河上荒涼的巖洞,

環(huán)繞著可怕的形狀,尖叫和丑惡的景物!

去尋覓某個陰沉沉的地窟吧,

那里籠罩著的黑夜展開它警覺的雙翼,

深夜的烏鴉在鳴啼;

在烏檀色的樹蔭下,巖石低懸,

猶如你的頭發(fā)那樣凌亂,

就到幽暗的西木里荒原永遠(yuǎn)居住吧。

But come,thou goddess fair and free,

In heaven yclep'd Euphrosyne,

And,by men,heart-easing Mirth;

Whom lovely Venus,at a birth,

With two sister Graces more,

To ivy-crowned Bacchus bore:

Or whether(as some sages sing)

The frolic wind that breathes the spring,

Zephyr,with Aurora playing,

As he met her once a-Maying,

There,on beds of violets blue,

And fresh-blown roses wash'd in dew

Fill'd her with thee,a daughter fair,

So buxom,blithe,and debonair.

Haste thee,nymph,and bring with thee

Jest,and youthful Jollity,

Quips,and cranks,and wanton wiles,

Nods,and becks,and wreathed smiles,

Such as hang on Hebe's cheek,

And love to live in dimple sleek;

Sport that wrinkled Care derides,

And Laughter holding both his sides.

請你來吧,女神啊!文靜而美麗,

在天上你名叫幽芙洛西尼,

而人間卻稱你為舒暢的歡欣,

那是可愛的維納斯一胎所生,

跟那戴常春藤花冠的巴克斯

還有兩個姐妹葛萊絲。

或者(正如某些賢者所歌吟)

嬉游的風(fēng)激動了芳春——

杰弗和奧羅拉在一起玩耍,

當(dāng)他有一次在五月節(jié)遇見她,

于是就在藍(lán)色的紫羅蘭

和綴滿露珠、初放的玫瑰花床上面,

使她懷了你,一個美麗的姑娘,

那么活潑、溫柔而歡暢。

快來吧,山林水澤女神啊,請你帶來

戲謔,和青春的歡快

妙語,幽默話,和尋開心的把戲,

點頭,哈腰,和浮現(xiàn)在喜比

雙頰上的微笑,和愛好

在柔和的酒窩里逗留的歡笑;

還有使人忘了憂慮的嬉鬧,

以及雙手捧腹的哈哈笑。

Come,and trip it,as you go,

On the light fantastic toe;

And in thy right hand lead with thee

The mountain nymph,sweet Liberty;

And,if I give thee honour due,

Mirth,admit me of thy crew,

To live with her,and live with thee,

In unreproved pleasures free;

To hear the lark begin his flight,

And,singing,startle the dull night,

From his watch-tower in the skies,

Till the dappled dawn doth rise;

來吧,請以你的腳尖,

奇妙地舞蹈,輕靈地向前,

并且用你的右手

牽著山岳女神,那甜蜜的自由

假如你愿接受我應(yīng)有的敬意,

歡樂啊!請你允許我加入你的行列里,

同她,同你在一起生活,

自由自在,共享不會引人責(zé)怪的快樂;

去諦聽云雀開始翱翔鳴叫,

歌聲驚破了呆滯的夜宵,

它在天空那高高的瞭望樓上悠鳴,

直到斑斕多彩的黎明飛升;

Then to come,in spite of sorrow,

And at my window bid good-morrow,

Through the sweet-brier or the vine,

Or the twisted eglantine:

While the cock,with lively din,

Scatters the rear of darkness thin,

And to the stack,or the barn-door,

Stoutly struts his dames before:

Oft listening how the hounds and horn

Cheerly rouse the slumbering morn,

From the side of some hoar hill,

Through the high wood echoing shrill;

然后,為了排遣傷悲,

我走向我的窗扉,

透過野薔薇,或者藤蔓,

或者金銀花蔓,向晨光祝好;

這時,公雞歡快地高啼,

驅(qū)散了稀薄的黑夜殘跡,

它來到草堆,或者谷倉門口,

趾高氣揚(yáng)地走在母雞前頭。

我時常聽到獵狗和號角聲,

怎樣愉快地把安睡中的早晨喚醒,

從那白霜覆蓋著的山旁,

掠過高大樹林,尖叫聲在回蕩。

Some time walking,not unseen,

By hedgerow elms,on hillocks green,

Right against the eastern gate,

Where the great sun begins his state,

Robed in flames,and amber light,

The clouds in thousand liveries dight;

有時候,沿著榆樹籬垣,在碧綠的丘陵

散步,無須任何遮隱,

我正面朝著東方的大門,

看雄偉的朝陽開始莊嚴(yán)地上升,

披著火焰,琥珀的亮光,

使云層穿上了千重多彩的衣裳。

While the ploughman,near at hand,

Whistles o'er the furrow'd land,

And the milkmaid singeth blithe,

And the mower whets his scythe,

And every shepherd tells his tale,

Under the hawthorn in the dale.

這時,農(nóng)夫吹著口哨就在近旁,

哨聲響在已犁好了的田野上;

擠牛奶的姑娘快活地唱歌,

割草人正在把鐮刀磨呀磨;

在山楂樹下,那山谷里,

牧羊人在講他們各自的故事。

Straight mine eye hath caught new pleasures,

Whilst the landscape round it measures;

Russet lawns,and fallows grey,

Where the nibbling flocks do stray;

Mountains,on whose barren breast

The labouring clouds do often rest;

Meadows trim,with daisies pied,

Shallow brooks,and rivers wide;

當(dāng)我舉目環(huán)視周圍的風(fēng)景,

我的眼睛立即把新鮮的樂事收進(jìn):

在紅褐的林中草地,已耕過的灰黃田地上,

細(xì)細(xì)地嚼著草的羊群在游蕩;

在那荒瘠的山麓深處,

時常停留著孕滿雨水的云霧;

牧場上裝飾著五彩繽紛的雛菊花朵,

還有寬闊的河,清淺的小溪流過;

Towers and battlements it sees

Bosom'd high in tufted trees,

Where,perhaps,some beauty lies,

The cynosure of neighbouring eyes.

宮堡和雉堞高高地矗立,

深深藏在稠密的叢林里,

那里也許居住著美人,

那是鄰近少年人凝望的北極星

Hard by,a cottage chimney smokes

From betwixt two aged oaks,

Where Corydon and Thyrsis met,

Are at their savoury dinner set

Of herbs,and other country messes,

Which the neat-handed Phillis dresses;

And then in haste her bower she leaves,

With Thestylis to bind the sheaves;

Or,if the earlier season lead,

To the tann'd haycock in the mead.

近處,在兩株古老的橡樹中間,

有一座村屋的煙囪上冒著炊煙,

那里柯里敦和塞西斯見面,

正在津津有味地一起用晚餐,

蔬菜,和其他鄉(xiāng)間食品,

這些都是巧手的菲麗斯所烹飪的;

然后,她趕快離開她的臥室,

去捆麥子,跟賽斯蒂里斯一起,

或者,假如一年的季節(jié)還早,

她們就到牧場去堆干草。

Sometimes,with secure delight,

The upland hamlets will invite,

When the merry bells ring round,

And the jocund rebecks sound

To many a youth and many a maid

Dancing in the checker'd shade;

And young and old come forth to play

On a sunshine holyday,

Till the live-long daylight fail:

有時候,山地小村里的居民,

以無限的喜悅邀請人們;

當(dāng)歡快的鈴聲一陣一陣地?fù)u,

古風(fēng)的三弦琴奏起快樂的樂調(diào),

迎來多少年輕的男男女女,

在透過陽光的樹蔭下跳舞;

年輕的和年老的都出來做游戲,

在一個陽光燦爛的假日。

直到消磨了長長的白晝,

Then to the spicy nut-brown ale,

With stories told of many a feat,

How fairy Mab the junkets eat;

She was pinch'd,and pull'd,she said;

And he,by friar's lantern led,

Tells how the drudging goblin sweat

To earn his cream-bowl duly set,

When,in one night,ere glimpse of morn,

His shadowy flail hath thresh'd the corn,

That ten day-labourers could not end;

Then lies him down,the lubber fiend,

And,stretch'd out all the chimney's length,

Basks at the fire his hairy strength;

And,crop-full,out of doors he flings,

Ere the first cock his matin rings.

Thus done the tales,to bed they creep,

By whispering winds soon lull'd asleep.

隨后他們就去喝香味濃烈的栗色麥酒,

一邊講著這個那個故事,

說馬布仙后是怎樣愛吃奶酪甜食;

一個女子說,她曾被仙女捏過,被拉住,

男人說,他曾被鬼火吸引,迷了路;

又說那個做苦工的精靈流汗干活,

怎樣為了賺得一碗人家賞給他的奶酪,

他在夜里,趕在曙光閃現(xiàn)之前,

在陰影中,用連枷把麥子打完,

這抵得過十個白天勞動的人們;

然后就躺在地上,這粗笨的精靈,

伸開身子,就同壁爐一樣長,

他取暖靠近爐火旁。

隨后他吃飽了便往門外跑,

趁公雞還未開始早晨叫。

故事講完了,大家就上了床,

輕輕地吹著的風(fēng)催人很快入了夢鄉(xiāng)。

Tower'd cities please us then,

And the busy hum of men,

Where throngs of knights and barons bold,

In weeds of peace,high triumphs hold,

With store of ladies,whose bright eyes

Rain influence,and judge the prize

Of wit or arms,while both contend

To win her grace,whom all commend.

There let Hymen oft appear

In saffron robe,with taper clear,

And pomp,and feast,and revelry,

With mask and antique pageantry;

Such sights as youthful poets dream

On summer eves by haunted stream.

Then to the well-trod stage anon,

If Jonson's learned sock be on,

Or sweetest Shakspeare,F(xiàn)ancy's child,

Warble his native wood-notes wild.

有時候高豎塔樓的城鎮(zhèn)吸引著我們,

還有熙熙攘攘,喧鬧的人群;

那里,成群勇敢的騎士和貴族,

穿著升平的盛裝,舉行盛典比武;

許多貴婦閨秀,明眸四顧,

品評才智勇武,錦標(biāo)誰屬;

為了博得美人的青睞,

文武雙方便展開了競賽。

那里,司婚之神時常來到,

舉著明亮的火炬,穿著橘黃色長袍;

還有慶典游行,宴會,作樂尋歡,

假面舞蹈,以及古典的戲劇表演;

這些景象就是年輕詩人所夢想,

在夏夜,坐在仙女出沒的小溪旁。

有時候,就到技藝精湛的劇院,

假如瓊生的學(xué)識淵博的喜劇在上演;

或者最可愛的莎士比亞,想像的天嬌!

正在吟哦他的鄉(xiāng)野自然的樂調(diào)。

And ever,against eating cares,

Lap me in soft Lydian airs,

Married to immortal verse,

Such as the meeting soul may pierce,

In notes,with many a winding bout

Of linked sweetness long drawn out,

With wanton heed and giddy cunning,

The melting voice through mazes running,

Untwisting all the chains that tie

The hidden soul of harmony;

That Orpheus'self might heave his head,

From golden slumber on a bed

Of heap'd Elysian flowers,and hear

Such strains as would have won the ear

Of Pluto,to have quite set free

His half-regain'd Eurydice.

These delights if thou canst give,

Mirth with thee I mean to live.

為了永遠(yuǎn)拋開令人斷腸的煩惱,

請讓我投入柔美的麗地亞歌曲的懷抱;

還要配上永垂不朽的詩文,

正如那些能觸動靈魂的樂音,

回腸蕩氣,凝結(jié)著甜蜜,

那一聲聲歌曲悠揚(yáng)不已。

演奏要揪人心弦,又要技藝高明,

使銷魂的語音似入迷宮;

把所有的鏈條扭開,

使埋藏著的和諧的靈魂飄來;

這也會使奧菲斯自己從鋪滿

伊麗西恩花朵的床上面,

金色的睡夢中抬起頭來傾聽著

這樣的樂音,它也會迷住普魯托的耳朵,

使他同意釋放他上次

曾經(jīng)放回半路的幽麗蒂斯。

假如你能賜給我這些快事,

歡樂??!我愿永遠(yuǎn)同你在一起。

  1. 歡樂頌:原文是L'Allegro,以前曾譯為“快樂的人”。allegro一詞系意大利語,源自拉丁文alacrem,法語作allègre,均有歡樂、愉快、舒暢等義。原詞系形容詞,加以冠詞,指人,所以英語譯為“the cheerful man”(歡樂的人)。此詞通常用于樂譜中。allegro或al-legretto,即快板,輕快活潑之意。今試取原詩全篇之含義,譯為“歡樂頌”。
  2. 憂郁:此詞原出希臘文melankholia(melas,黑色;khole,膽汁),即黑色的膽汁。根據(jù)古代希臘人和中世紀(jì)生理學(xué)的說法,melancholy是人體的四種液體(humours)之一(其余三種是血、黏液和黃膽汁)。這四種液體是決定人的體質(zhì)、精神和性格的元素。這里是擬人化,指憂郁的女神。
  3. 塞比勒斯:守衛(wèi)地獄大門的是有三個頭和一條蛇尾巴的狗。根據(jù)古希臘詩人赫希沃德(Hesiod)的說法,它是泰封(Typhon)和艾吉特納(Echidna)的兒子,長著五十個腦袋,叫聲如青銅敲響。希臘悲劇家歐里庇得斯在他的一部作品中曾提及這頭“地獄的狗”(見《發(fā)瘋的赫拉克勒斯》(Hercules Furens))。這里彌爾頓說“憂郁”是塞比勒斯和黑夜所生,是他杜撰的。彌爾頓著作中的一些神話,正如他所描繪的某些風(fēng)光景物一樣,往往是為了適應(yīng)他的創(chuàng)作意圖而處理的,例如古希臘羅馬神話中并無“憂郁”這一女神,彌爾頓便自己編造了。
  4. 斯提克斯河:斯提克斯河是地獄中一條最主要的河流(地獄有四條河,一說有九條)。河上有個掌管渡船的老者凱隆(Charon)把陰魂送到地獄里面去。

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