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知識(shí)和進(jìn)步
Knowledge and Progress

【心靈感悟】

在人類社會(huì)發(fā)展過程中，知識(shí)的累積所導(dǎo)致的知識(shí)的進(jìn)步十分明顯，人們從各種自然經(jīng)歷中得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不斷涌現(xiàn)的發(fā)明家、科學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家等的思想傳承，都是知識(shí)積累的結(jié)果，知識(shí)在日積月累以及后人的完善發(fā)揚(yáng)下，帶動(dòng)了整個(gè)人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。但是本文提出了一個(gè)知識(shí)的雙重性的概念，就是說在面對知識(shí)進(jìn)步如此迅速的現(xiàn)在，我們?nèi)绾芜\(yùn)用知識(shí)，成為了一個(gè)問題，因?yàn)橹R(shí)具有兩面性：既可以被運(yùn)用于一些造福人類的方面，同樣也可以運(yùn)用在一些危害社會(huì)的地方，所以，在知識(shí)不斷進(jìn)步的同時(shí)，人類卻要加強(qiáng)自身的道德修養(yǎng)的提高，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)約束力，這樣才能讓知識(shí)用在它最該存在的領(lǐng)域。

【英語原文】

Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge.

Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent.

Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.

本文作者G.N.M.TYRRELL，本文收錄在外語教學(xué)與研究出版社《新概念英語（第四冊）》第22課中。

【參考翻譯】

為什么進(jìn)步這個(gè)概念在現(xiàn)代世界顯得如此突出？無疑是因?yàn)橛幸环N特殊的進(jìn)步實(shí)際上正在我們周圍發(fā)生，而且變得越來越明顯。雖然人類在智力和道德上沒有得到普遍提高，但在知識(shí)積累方面卻取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。

人一旦能用語言同別人交流思想，知識(shí)的積累便開始了。隨著書寫的發(fā)明，又邁進(jìn)了一大步，因?yàn)檫@樣一來，知識(shí)不僅能交流，而且能儲(chǔ)存了。藏書使教育成為可能，而教育反過來又豐富了藏書，因?yàn)橹R(shí)的增長遵循著一種“滾雪球”的規(guī)律。印刷術(shù)的發(fā)明又大大提高了知識(shí)增長的速度。所有這些發(fā)展都比較緩慢，而隨著科學(xué)的進(jìn)步，增長的速度才突然加快。于是，知識(shí)便開始有系統(tǒng)、有計(jì)劃地積累起來。涓涓細(xì)流匯成了小溪，小溪現(xiàn)已變成了奔騰的江河。

而且，新知識(shí)一旦獲得，便得到實(shí)際應(yīng)用。所謂“現(xiàn)代文明”并不是人的天性平衡發(fā)展的結(jié)果，而是積累起來的知識(shí)應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生活中的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在人類面臨的問題是：用這些知識(shí)去做什么？正像人們常常指出的，知識(shí)是一把雙刃劍，可以用于造福，也可用來為害。人們現(xiàn)在正漫不經(jīng)心地把知識(shí)用于這兩個(gè)方面，例如：炮兵利用科學(xué)毀壞人的身體、而外科醫(yī)生就在附近用科學(xué)搶救被炮兵毀壞的人體，還有什么情景比這更可怕、更怪誕的嗎？我們不得不嚴(yán)肅地問問我們自己：隨著日益增長的知識(shí)的力量，如果我們繼續(xù)利用知識(shí)的這種雙重性，將會(huì)發(fā)生什么樣的情況呢？