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第7章 HR鼓勵(lì)你:面試中,注重交流(4)

誰(shuí)說(shuō)菜鳥(niǎo)不能拿高薪 作者:平觀海


應(yīng)屆生面試經(jīng)典問(wèn)題?

其實(shí)即使是最優(yōu)秀的HR,在對(duì)應(yīng)屆生進(jìn)行面試時(shí),都會(huì)感到些許茫然:?jiǎn)柌坏焦ぷ鹘?jīng)驗(yàn);沒(méi)有推薦信可以提供;所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)與實(shí)際需要脫節(jié);有些畢業(yè)生甚至不知道自己的興趣所在;再加上畢業(yè)生的心態(tài)不穩(wěn)定——急功近利者,妄自菲薄者,眼高手低者都大有人在。

所以,很多公司都開(kāi)始使用勝任力(competency)來(lái)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。勝任力是一種可以被觀察到的行為。如果用海上冰山作比喻,則水面上的十分之一就是這種勝任力,而水面下的十分之九就是我們的知識(shí)、技能、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀。面試官肯定不會(huì)在面試時(shí)問(wèn):您是否會(huì)認(rèn)真執(zhí)行公司的每一項(xiàng)規(guī)定,因?yàn)槟愕拇鸢敢欢ㄊ恰霸敢狻?。這樣,這個(gè)問(wèn)題就毫無(wú)效用可言。所以在面試的時(shí)候,面試官會(huì)傾向于讓你對(duì)所有的問(wèn)題都盡量給出一個(gè)實(shí)際的事例支撐,由此來(lái)判斷你是否能夠勝任這份工作。

細(xì)心的同學(xué)可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),在面試中的題目往往都體現(xiàn)著一個(gè)主要的考查意圖。比如說(shuō),有的題目考查的是創(chuàng)新能力,有的題目考查的是團(tuán)隊(duì)精神, 而有的則考查的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。這些考查意圖會(huì)非常明顯地在題目本身的關(guān)鍵詞(key words)當(dāng)中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。在回答這種問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,為了讓內(nèi)容詳實(shí)、生動(dòng),可利用What-S.T.A.R(what:總述;S:situation背景;T:target目標(biāo);A:Actions措施;R:results結(jié)果)原則來(lái)組織答案。

并且,在面試的過(guò)程中,還應(yīng)注意三個(gè)法則:

黃金法則:80/20——你要承擔(dān)起80%的談話(huà),而面試官只會(huì)說(shuō)20%。

白金法則:你必須試著控制面試的節(jié)奏和話(huà)題。

鉆石法則:對(duì)于沒(méi)有把握的問(wèn)題,拋回給面試官。

那么,要如何具體地運(yùn)用上述原則呢?讓我們透過(guò)某快消品公司的經(jīng)典八大問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解讀。這八大問(wèn)題具有非常普遍的代表性,基本包含了外企公司,或者是一些相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的國(guó)內(nèi)公司所要考核的全部?jī)?nèi)容。

問(wèn)題一:請(qǐng)描述一個(gè)例子, 證明你給自己確立了一個(gè)很高的目標(biāo), 然后完成了這個(gè)目標(biāo)。(Describe an instance where you set your sights on a high/demanding goal and saw it through completion.)

問(wèn)題分析:在此題中,“很高的目標(biāo) 完成”(demanding goal saw it through)是關(guān)鍵詞,由此可見(jiàn)主要的考查意圖是如何應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的。所以,在描述的時(shí)候要著重描述這個(gè)任務(wù),有些什么要求(demanding),有些什么具體的困難,你是怎樣一步一步去克服的。

組織答案:

總述—是什么(what):為天津大學(xué)校慶晚會(huì)所設(shè)計(jì)的節(jié)目,獲得了第三名的成績(jī),該比賽共有18支參賽隊(duì)伍。(Designed a show to celebrate the anniversary of Tianjin University, and won 3rd Prize out of 18 teams.)

活動(dòng)背景(situation):在校慶那天,學(xué)校組織大型晚會(huì),有唱歌、跳舞、戲劇演出。每個(gè)學(xué)院都需要出5個(gè)節(jié)目。我們班也想?yún)⒓右粋€(gè)節(jié)目,但是當(dāng)時(shí)臨近期末考試,同學(xué)們都忙于備考,所以準(zhǔn)備起來(lái)壓力很大。(On the anniversary night, there was a huge celebration party, where songs, dances and dramas were played. Each school should design five shows, and our class volunteered to design one. It was a demanding goal as it was very close to the end of the term when most students were busy preparing for final exams.)

目標(biāo)(target):我當(dāng)時(shí)是一個(gè)大二的學(xué)生,擔(dān)當(dāng)起了排練我們班節(jié)目的大任,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的節(jié)目是一出話(huà)劇。一方面要吸引“百忙”中的同學(xué)參與,另一方面我自己也在這個(gè)話(huà)劇中飾演國(guó)王。(As a sophomore student I was in charge of my class performance, which was a drama. I had to deal with the pressure from study, my classmates’ disinterest in acting, and my role as the king in the drama. )

措施(actions):第一,鑒于我們班上只有20個(gè)同學(xué),我給他們每個(gè)人都分配了一定的任務(wù),比如說(shuō)飾演角色、制作道具等。第二,考慮到期末復(fù)習(xí)每個(gè)學(xué)生都會(huì)很忙,我做出了彩排的安排,堅(jiān)持少次高質(zhì)量的原則,每次都高效地完成彩排。第三,為了讓彩排更接近最后的表演,我們?cè)诓逝诺臅r(shí)候就加入了音樂(lè)和布景。并且,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,我強(qiáng)調(diào)出時(shí)間的重要性,大家達(dá)成共識(shí),相互尊重,實(shí)現(xiàn)了很好的配合。(First, as there were only 20 students in my class, I distributed at least one task to each student; either a role, or making tools or costumes. Second, since at the end of the term each member was busy with study, the rehearsal schedule should be reasonable and periodic. All team members cooperated well because of the low frequency and short duration of each rehearsal. Third, music and scenery were added into rehearsal in order to get close to the circumstances of the party.

In addition, I emphasized the value of time and ordered every actor to respect other partners.)

結(jié)果(result):最后,我們的表演相當(dāng)成功。不僅是我的“國(guó)王”形象給大家留下了很深刻的印象,這個(gè)話(huà)劇也獲得了相當(dāng)高的評(píng)價(jià)。(In the end, our performance was very successful. Not only did I act the “king” wonderfully, but also got good marks on the final exam.)

問(wèn)題二:描述一個(gè)例子,證明你用事實(shí)去說(shuō)服別人。(Describe an instance where you made effective use of facts to secure the agreement of others.)

問(wèn)題分析:此題的考查意圖在于說(shuō)服他人的能力。所以, 你的描述應(yīng)該非常直截了當(dāng), 先把大家的不同意見(jiàn)列出來(lái), 以及他人為什么不同意;然后逐條以事實(shí)進(jìn)行說(shuō)服。

組織答案:

總述—是什么(what):我提出一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,希望與鄰校的英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)共同成立一個(gè)“英語(yǔ)樂(lè)園”。(I advanced a plan to found an English Garden in collaboration with the English Association in a neighboring university.)

背景(situation):我是本校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)的一名的會(huì)員,但我意識(shí)到協(xié)會(huì)舉辦的活動(dòng)缺乏新意,不能夠有效地幫助同學(xué)們提高英語(yǔ)。并且,在離我們走路5分鐘的地方,有著另外一所高校。(When I was a member of the English Association in our university, I realized that the activities we organized lacked uniqueness and couldn’t effectively help the students improve their English. Our neighboring university is just a five-minute walk away from us.)

目標(biāo)(target):我向協(xié)會(huì)主席提出了與鄰校共建英語(yǔ)樂(lè)園的想法。(I proposed the idea to the President of the Association that we found an English Garden in cooperation with the English Association in the neighboring university.)

措施(actions):我遇到了不少反對(duì)的意見(jiàn),有些人認(rèn)為我們學(xué)校的管理部門(mén)可能不會(huì)同意,并且建立英語(yǔ)樂(lè)園需要花費(fèi)很大的人力成本,此外,“英語(yǔ)角”已經(jīng)很多了,再新建一個(gè)“英語(yǔ)樂(lè)園”似乎意義不大。(The disagreements I met included: Our school authority may dissent. The cost would be high, and we didn’t have enough human resources to carry out this project. There were too many English corners;it was not very necessary to set up a new one.)

我通過(guò)我掌握到的實(shí)際資料進(jìn)行說(shuō)服:一方面,學(xué)校管理方面是認(rèn)同這種做法的;并且我們合作的學(xué)校可以提供一定的財(cái)政支持,我們的會(huì)員可以自愿選擇參與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。此外,我發(fā)動(dòng)了一場(chǎng)投票,結(jié)果顯示英語(yǔ)角的確沒(méi)有滿(mǎn)足學(xué)生的需求。(The facts I made use of:Our dean approved this proposal. Our partner was willing to provide financial assistance, and our members volunteered to design the details of the plan and implement it. A poll showed that the current English corners did not meet the students’ requirements and lacked uniqueness.)

結(jié)果(result):那些持有反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的人接受了我的提議,我們成功建立了“英語(yǔ)樂(lè)園”。“英語(yǔ)樂(lè)園”每周舉辦一次,并且每次活動(dòng)都有超過(guò)百人參與。(Others were convinced and we successfully founded the English Garden. It’s run once a week now, each meeting attracts over a hundred students.)

問(wèn)題三:描述一個(gè)例子,說(shuō)明你如何獲得了技能,并且把這些技能轉(zhuǎn)化成實(shí)際應(yīng)用。(Provide an example of how you acquired technical skills and converted them to practical application.)

問(wèn)題分析:這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞是“把技能轉(zhuǎn)化到實(shí)際運(yùn)用(convert technical skills to practical application)”,即其真正的考查意圖是你的“學(xué)習(xí)及轉(zhuǎn)換能力”。

組織答案

總述—是什么(what):我學(xué)會(huì)了如何用一個(gè)科學(xué)的方法組織問(wèn)卷,并將這項(xiàng)技能運(yùn)用到一項(xiàng)有關(guān)新啤酒的研究中。(I learnt how to arrange the questionnaire forms in a scientific way and use them in the survey of a new beer.)

背景(situation):在消費(fèi)者關(guān)于新啤酒口味意見(jiàn)的調(diào)查中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們使用的問(wèn)卷有些問(wèn)題,限制了消費(fèi)者回復(fù)的自由。(In the investigation of customer opinions about the taste of a new kind of beer, I found that the questionnaire form was out of date and limited the freedom of responses.)

措施(actions):我把這件事情告訴了我的上司,并且向一個(gè)在專(zhuān)門(mén)從事市場(chǎng)研究工作的朋友進(jìn)行了咨詢(xún),用新方法設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)卷表。之后,我自己設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)表格,并把它交給上司,最后上司采用了我設(shè)計(jì)的其中一個(gè)方案。(I consulted my boss and a good friend who works in a professional marketing research company and learnt a new way of arranging questionnaire forms. I designed two new forms, and my boss chose one of them.)

結(jié)果(result):在這份改善后的問(wèn)卷表的幫助下,我們公司獲得了更加客觀有用的信息。(With the help of the converted form, our company obtained more objective and useful information.)

看完了以上三個(gè)事例,想必你已經(jīng)對(duì)What-S.T.A.R.(總述—背景,目標(biāo),措施,結(jié)果)法則有了一定的了解。那么,就請(qǐng)小試牛刀,挑戰(zhàn)一下剩下的五大問(wèn)題吧!

問(wèn)題四:描述一個(gè)例子, 你團(tuán)結(jié)了一群人共同努力, 并為取得成功起到了帶頭作用。(Summarize a situation where you took the initiative to get others to complete an important task, and played a leading role to achieve the results you wanted.)

問(wèn)題分析:此題的考查意圖在于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。所以,你在描述的時(shí)候要重點(diǎn)描述自己吸引他人參與,團(tuán)結(jié)并鼓勵(lì)他人,借助他人力量,帶領(lǐng)他人的過(guò)程。

問(wèn)題五:描述一個(gè)例子,你找到相關(guān)信息,確定重點(diǎn)事項(xiàng),然后決定了采取哪些步驟來(lái)獲得滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)果。(Describe a situation where you sought out relevant information, defined key issues, and decided on which steps to take to get the desired results.)

問(wèn)題分析:此題的考查意圖在于“分析—判斷—決策能力”。面試官希望了解你分析處理一件事情的全過(guò)程。和剛才的題目考查如何爭(zhēng)取別人的協(xié)助是完全不同的。所以,你在描述的時(shí)候要重點(diǎn)描述你做整個(gè)事情的經(jīng)過(guò),而不是和什么人一起做。

問(wèn)題六:描述一個(gè)例子,證明你有效地與人合作,共同完成了一件重要的事情。(Give an example of how you worked effectively with people to accomplish an important goal.)

問(wèn)題分析:此題的考查意圖在于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作能力,關(guān)鍵詞為“與他人有效合作”(worked effectively with people)。所以,你的描述應(yīng)該很清晰: 我做什么 別人做什么。

問(wèn)題七:描述一個(gè)例子,你提供了一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的想法,使得某一個(gè)活動(dòng)或者項(xiàng)目取得了成功。(Describe a creative/innovative idea that you produced which significantly contributed to the success of an activity or project.)

問(wèn)題分析:此題的考查意圖在于你的創(chuàng)新能力。關(guān)鍵詞是“創(chuàng)新思想,使成功(creative idea, contributed to success)”。所以,你的描述要包括你的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)、創(chuàng)新依據(jù)、有了創(chuàng)新的想法之后如何去實(shí)現(xiàn)它,以及這個(gè)創(chuàng)新想法起到了多么重要的作用。

問(wèn)題八:描述一個(gè)例子,說(shuō)明你如何評(píng)估形勢(shì),并且把精力放在最重要的事情上,然后取得了比較好的結(jié)果。(Provide an example of how you assessed a situation and achieved good results by focusing on the most important priorities.)

問(wèn)題分析:這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞是“評(píng)估形勢(shì),集中精力”(assessed a situation, focused on the priorities),考查的是你分析事情和找到問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)的能力。所以, 你的描述應(yīng)該是著重于自己的分析過(guò)程。

其實(shí),面試的過(guò)程就好比講故事的過(guò)程。作為應(yīng)聘者的你,承擔(dān)著面試過(guò)程的80%的談話(huà),你需要像面試官講述你自己。怎樣去呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)生動(dòng)的你?講故事吧!把你的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作力、分析能力、學(xué)習(xí)能力都演變成一個(gè)一個(gè)生動(dòng)的事例,向面試官展示一個(gè)有血有肉的你!


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