三國(guó)詩(shī)歌 Poems of the Three Kingdoms Period

曹操（155—220），漢魏年間的政治家、軍事家和詩(shī)人。字孟德，小字阿瞞。曹操的父親是宦官的養(yǎng)子。在爾虞我詐的宮廷斗爭(zhēng)影響下，曹操自幼心有智謀，善用權(quán)術(shù)。東漢末年，爆發(fā)了黃巾農(nóng)民大起義，曹操趁鎮(zhèn)壓農(nóng)民起義軍的機(jī)會(huì)，開始建立并逐步發(fā)展壯大自己的武裝力量，并將漢獻(xiàn)帝迎于洛陽(yáng)，形成了“挾天子以令諸侯”的政治局面，最終統(tǒng)一了中國(guó)的北方。漢獻(xiàn)帝建安時(shí)期，曹操任大將軍、丞相，后封魏王。經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的爭(zhēng)斗，中國(guó)大地上形成北魏曹操、東吳孫權(quán)、西蜀劉備三足鼎立的“三國(guó)時(shí)期”。然而“三國(guó)”之中，北魏最為強(qiáng)大。曹操死后，其子曹丕（pī）稱帝，追封其父曹操為武帝，故后世稱曹操為魏武帝。

曹操對(duì)文學(xué)、書法、音樂等都有精深的造詣（yì）。他寫的詩(shī)歌雖不多，但氣魄宏偉，慷慨悲壯。由于曹操對(duì)文學(xué)的重視和推崇，使建安時(shí)期的文學(xué)在戰(zhàn)亂中仍得到蓬勃的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了曹丕、曹植、蔡琰、孔融等一大批優(yōu)秀的文學(xué)家，這一時(shí)期的詩(shī)歌文學(xué)作品也因其特有的慷慨悲涼、直面現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)格而被稱為“建安文學(xué)”。

Cao Cao（155-220）was a statesman，strategist and poet during the Han and Wei dynasties．His courtesy name was Mengde，and childhood name Aman．His father was the adopted son of a eunuch．Influenced by the imperial court full of deception and fraud，Cao Cao was resourceful and good at playing politics when he was young．The Yellow Turbans Uprising broke out at the close of the Eastern Han Dynasty．Seizing the opportunity to put down the uprising，Cao Cao started to build up and gradually expand his own armed forces．Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to Luoyang，and began the political situation of “controlling the emperor and commanding the nobles”．Cao Cao unified northern China finally．During the reign of Jian’an of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty，Cao Cao took the posts of Grand General and Prime Minister，and was granted the title of “King of Wei”．After a long process of fighting，there formed the triangular balance of power of the three kingdoms，Cao Cao’s Wei in the north，Sun Quan’s Wu in the east and Liu Bei’s Shu in the west．Wei is the most powerful among the three kingdoms．After Cao Cao’s death，his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor，and Cao Cao was given the posthumous title of Emperor Wu，which he was called by later generations.

Cao Cao was of great attainments in literature，calligraphy，music，and so on．His poems，though not in a great number，are full of grandeur and solemn fervour．Since Cao Cao paid great attention to and had a great esteem for literature，the literature developed flourshingly during the Jian’an period despite the chaos caused by war．There emerged large numbers of excellent writers，such as Cao Pi，Cao Zhi，Cai Yan and Kong Rong．The poems and works of literature of this period are called “Literature of Jian’an”for their unique characteristics.

觀滄海

〇曹操

東臨碣石^（1），以觀滄海^（2）。

水何澹澹^（3），山島竦峙^（4）。

樹木叢生，百草豐茂^（5）。

秋風(fēng)蕭瑟^（6），洪波涌起^（7）。

日月之行，若出其中^（8）；

星漢燦爛^（9），若出其里^（10）。

幸甚至哉 ^（11），歌以詠志 ^（12）。

【注釋】

(1) 東臨碣石：登上碣石山頂，面向東眺望。臨：從高處往低處看。碣（jié）石：地名，即碣石山，在河北省昌黎縣城北，是燕山余脈，因東距渤海僅15公里，自古即為觀海勝地。

(2) 以觀滄海：為了觀看、眺望大海。以：在這里表示目的，即為什么（要來(lái)這里）。滄海：即大海，“滄”表示深綠色。

(3) 水何澹（dàn）澹：海水是那樣深邃（suì）廣闊又波浪起伏。何：副詞，多么。澹澹：海水波浪起伏的樣子。

(4) 山島竦（sǒng）峙（zhì）：海中突出的小山形成的島嶼高高地直立在水面上。竦：高出，同聳（sǒng）。峙：直立。

(5) 百草豐茂：各種各樣的花木野草品種繁多，長(zhǎng)勢(shì)茂盛。

(6) 秋風(fēng)蕭瑟：秋風(fēng)吹動(dòng)草木，使人感到陣陣寒意。蕭瑟（xiāo sè）：常用來(lái)形容秋天草木衰敗時(shí)凄涼的景色。

(7) 洪波涌起：海水在強(qiáng)勁海風(fēng)的吹動(dòng)下一浪高似一浪。洪：水很大、很多。

(8) 日月之行，若出其中：太陽(yáng)和月亮的運(yùn)行，似乎都是從大海中發(fā)生的。

(9) 星漢燦爛：夜晚天空的銀河光輝燦爛。星漢：即銀河。

(10) 若出其里：似乎是從大海里面出來(lái)的。

(11) 幸甚至哉：我感到滿足和慶幸。幸甚：非常高興和滿意。至：到頭。哉（zāi）：語(yǔ)氣詞，表示感嘆。

12 歌以詠志：寫這首詩(shī)用來(lái)表達(dá)自己的思想和抱負(fù)。

Viewing the Boundless Sea

by Cao Cao

I come to view the boundless ocean

From Stony Hill on eastern shore.

Its water rolls in rhythmic motion

And islands stand amid its roar.

Tree on tree grows from peak to peak;

Grass on grass looks lush far and nigh.

The autumn wind blows drear and bleak;

The monstrous billows surge up high.

The sun by day，the moon by night

Appear to rise from the sea deep.

The Milky Way with stars so bright

Sinks down into the sea in sleep.

How happy I feel at this sight！

I croon this poem in delight.

【賞析】

這首詩(shī)是曹操在建安十二年，即公元207年，追殲袁紹余部，大獲全勝，回師途中，登碣石山，向東眺望大海時(shí)寫下的。

據(jù)史書記載，公元前215年和公元前110年，秦始皇與漢武帝曾先后登上碣石山，觀望大海。此二人都是中國(guó)統(tǒng)治者中統(tǒng)一天下、擴(kuò)土封疆、集權(quán)統(tǒng)治成績(jī)卓著者。幾百年后，曹操登臨此山，面對(duì)大海，憑吊古人，又正值戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中大獲全勝之時(shí)，胸中滿懷統(tǒng)一天下之大志，怎能不見景生情、一吐為快？

全詩(shī)分為寫景與想象兩部分。前半部分寫眼睛看到的實(shí)景：波浪涌動(dòng)的水面、水中突起的小島、島上豐茂的草木、帶來(lái)寒意的秋風(fēng)。內(nèi)容樸實(shí)無(wú)華，語(yǔ)言淺顯易懂。寫到此處，與一般詩(shī)人的寫景詩(shī)并無(wú)兩樣。然而從“日月之行”一句起，寫想象中的景物，仿佛日、月、星辰，甚至宇宙中其他的事物都是由大海孕育，并從大海中誕生的。這一突然間大膽的夸張和想象，使全詩(shī)意境深遠(yuǎn)，頓生華章，非一般文人所能做到。作者用日月星辰這些世間最偉大的事物來(lái)贊頌大海的偉大，是大海孕育了它們，才使它們得以誕生，因而大海似乎成了日月星辰的母親。但大海寧?kù)o深邃，不事張揚(yáng)，亦無(wú)光華，其博大、包容、完美的精神，在世間沒有其他事物可與之相比。這樣，詩(shī)人對(duì)大海的贊揚(yáng)就達(dá)到了至高無(wú)上的境地。而作者在詩(shī)的末句說“歌以詠志”，可見，這并非一首寫景詩(shī)，而是一首詠志詩(shī)，是作者以大海自比，表達(dá)自己的志向。他希望自己如海一般博大，能吸納百川、包容天下、駕馭萬(wàn)物、一統(tǒng)江山。全詩(shī)借景抒情，以物言志，言簡(jiǎn)意深，胸懷博大，為觀海詩(shī)中的上乘之作，也是四言古詩(shī)中的優(yōu)秀作品。

毛澤東深愛此詩(shī)，曾于1954年夏在北戴河寫下《浪淘沙》詞一首，其中的后半闋（què）為：“往事越千年，魏武揮鞭，東臨碣石有遺篇。蕭瑟秋風(fēng)今又是，換了人間?！闭菍?duì)此詩(shī)的回應(yīng)。

自曹操“觀滄?！痹?shī)出后，北魏文成帝、北齊文宣帝、唐朝唐太宗等人也紛紛登臨碣石山，以觀滄海，可惜均未有詩(shī)篇遺后。

Interpretation

This poem was composed in the twelfth year of the reign of Jian’an，i.e．A.D.207，after Cao Cao ascended the Jieshi Mountain and looked eastward at the sea．At that time he had just wiped out the remnants of Yuan Shao’s forces and won a complete victory，and was moving his troops back.

According to historical records，the First Emperor of Qin and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty，both of whom were among the Chinese rulers who had achieved outstanding success in unifying the country，expanding the territory and centralizing state power，visited the Jieshi Mountain to enjoy the sea respectively in 215 B.C．a(chǎn)nd 110 B.C．Several hundred years later，Cao Cao ascended the mountain and pondered over the past incidents just after he had won a complete victory．He cherished high ideals of unifying the country，so it’s no wonder that he was moved by the scene and was unable to take a rest until he got them off his chest.

The poem is composed of two parts，the scenery depiction and his imagination．The first part describes the real scene：the waves surging，small islands towering aloft，plants and trees flourishing，and the autumn wind soughing．It’s simple and easy to understand．So far the poem is not different from other scenery depicting ones，but from the line“the move of the sun and the moon”，it starts to describe imaginary things．It seems as if the sea had given birth to the sun，the moon，the stars and everything in the universe，all of which had emerged from the sea．This unexpected and bold exaggeration and imagination make the whole poem magnificently conceived and beyond the accomplishments of ordinary men of letters．The poet eulogized the grandeur of the sea with mighty things in the world，like the sun，the moon and the stars，which he thought to be born of the sea．The sea thus seems to be the mother of these heavenly bodies，for nothing in the world could be compared with the sea，which is quiet，deep，restrained and broad and magnanimous．The last line“chant this poem to reveal my ideal”shows it’s a poem of his heart rather than one of scenery depiction，in which the poet likened himself to the sea and expressed his ambitions．The poet hoped that he could be as broad-minded as the sea which contained hundreds of rivers and that he could be magnanimous enough to control all things on the earth and unify the whole country．The poem，which is concise but profound with meanings，is a first-class one in describing the sea and one of the excellent four-character-line ancient poems.

Mao Zedong loved this poem very much and composed a piece of ci entitled Lang Tao Sha in Beidaihe in the summer of 1954，the latter half of which reads，“nearly two thousand years ago，wielding his whip，the Emperor Wu of Wei rode eastward to Jieshi；his poem survives．Today the autumn wind still soughs，but the world has changed！”It was exactly in response to Cao Cao’s poem.

After Cao Cao’s visit，emperors such as Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei，Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the Jieshi Mountain one after another to view the sea，but no poems have been left behind.

龜雖壽 ^（1）

〇曹操

神龜雖壽，猶有竟時(shí)^（2）。

騰蛇乘霧，終為土灰^（3）。

老驥伏櫪，志在千里^（4）；

烈士暮年，壯心不已^（5）。

盈縮之期，不但在天^（6）；

養(yǎng)怡之福，可得永年^（7）。

幸甚至哉，歌以詠志^（8）。

【注釋】

(1) 龜雖壽：本詩(shī)的名稱取自詩(shī)文第一句。一般認(rèn)為烏龜壽命長(zhǎng)，傳說中的神龜壽命更長(zhǎng)，能活三千歲。

(2) 神龜雖壽，猶有竟時(shí)：神龜雖然能活很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但最終仍不免一死。猶：仍然。竟：終結(jié)，盡頭。

(3) 騰蛇乘霧，終為土灰：能夠飛騰的神蛇雖然會(huì)騰云駕霧，最后也將化為土灰。

(4) 老驥伏櫪，志在千里：千里馬老了，趴伏在馬槽上，心中仍懷有馳騁（chí chěng）千里的強(qiáng)烈愿望。驥（jì）：千里馬，良馬。櫪（lì）：馬槽，讓馬吃草料的木槽。

(5) 烈士暮年，壯心不已：胸懷大志的人，就是到了老年，那種渴望建功立業(yè)、成就大事的心愿也不會(huì)消失和停止。烈士：壯懷激烈的人，重成就輕生死的人，胸有大志的人。壯心：雄壯豪邁的心愿。已：完了，停止。

(6) 盈縮之期，不但在天：人的壽命的長(zhǎng)短，并不完全由上天來(lái)決定。盈縮：長(zhǎng)短。不但：不僅僅?！暗痹谶@里是“只、僅僅”的意思。

(7) 養(yǎng)怡（yí）之福，可得永年：如果能夠怡養(yǎng)精神，陶冶情操，生活得樂觀豁達(dá)，就可以獲得長(zhǎng)壽。養(yǎng)怡：培養(yǎng)樂觀的精神和情趣。永年：長(zhǎng)壽。

(8) 幸甚至哉，歌以詠志：此二句與正文無(wú)關(guān)，是曹操喜歡使用的詩(shī)歌結(jié)尾，意思是：我慶幸自己能用詩(shī)歌來(lái)表達(dá)心中的情感和愿望。

Though Long Lives the Tortoise

by Cao Cao

Although long lives the tortoise wise，

In the end he cannot but die.

The serpent in the mist may rise，

But in the dust he too shall lie.

Although the stabled steed is old，

He dreams to run a thousand li.

In life’s December heroes bold

Indomitable still will be.

It’s not up to Heaven alone

To lengthen or shorten our days.

To a great age we can live on，

If we make the best of our ways.

How happy I feel at this thought！

I croon this poem as I ought.

【賞析】

這首詩(shī)與《觀滄海》詩(shī)，都是公元207年曹操平定烏桓（烏桓wū huán：中國(guó)古代民族的名稱），消滅了袁紹的殘余勢(shì)力，獲勝回師途中所作。此時(shí)，曹操的心情處在勝利的喜悅之中，因而他渴望建立更大的功業(yè)，更希望實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一天下的宏圖大愿。但掐指一算，自己已是52歲的年紀(jì)。馳騁沙場(chǎng)、揮戈殺敵對(duì)50多歲的人來(lái)說已是力不從心，因而宏偉的抱負(fù)與日漸衰弱的體力形成尖銳的矛盾。這首詩(shī)正反映了曹操這種矛盾的心理。

詩(shī)的前兩句用龜和蛇這兩種神話中長(zhǎng)壽的動(dòng)物作比喻，說明生生死死是宇宙間不可抗拒的規(guī)律。任何生物個(gè)體無(wú)論怎樣長(zhǎng)壽，終究會(huì)有生命停止的那一天。接下來(lái)的兩句，用老馬雖老仍希望馳騁千里作比喻，引出本詩(shī)的中心思想，即有大志的人，就是老了也不會(huì)服老，還想繼續(xù)建功立業(yè)。最后幾句是作者對(duì)自己晚年生活的安慰，也表達(dá)了以良好的生活方式求得長(zhǎng)壽的愿望。

這首詩(shī)富含深刻的哲理，既是唯物的，又是辯證的。作者意識(shí)到老之將至，人無(wú)不死，但詩(shī)中沒有流露出絲毫的悲傷和消極，反而充滿積極向上、務(wù)求進(jìn)取的精神。正是這種精神激勵(lì)作者奮斗到最后一息?！傲沂磕耗?，壯心不已”的豪言壯語(yǔ)也因這首詩(shī)的享譽(yù)天下而成為鼓勵(lì)老者奮發(fā)有為、繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的名句。

Interpretation

This poem and Viewing the Boundless Sea were both composed in A.D.207 when Cao Cao was moving his troops back after he had put down the Wuhuan Rebellion and wiped out the remnants of Yuan Shao’s forces．At that time Cao Cao was joyful with his success，and eager to make greater achievements so that he could realize his great ambition of unifying the whole country．But he was already 52 years old then．He keenly felt that at that age he was unable to gallop across the battlefield any more and fight the enemy as much as he would like to．His physical strength getting weaker day by day was a big barrier to the realization of his great ambition．This poem is just the result of Cao Cao’s mixed feelings.

With an analogy of the tortoise and the snake which are said to be longevous in myth，the first two lines illustrate that life and death are an irresistible law of the universe；and no matter how long one lives，he is to die eventually．The next two lines，using “an old steed in the stable still aspires to gallop a thousand li”as a metaphor，lead to the conclusion of the poem：an old hero still cherishes high aspirations．The rest of the lines are what the poet used to console himself in his old age and convey his wishes to live long through good life style.

The poem contains a profound philosophy，which is both materialistic and dialectical．The poet realized that he was aging rapidly and that death befell all men alike，but he did not，in the slightest degree，reveal his pessimism，and he was vigorous and enterprising，instead．The proud words“A noble-hearted man retains his high aspirations even in old age”have thereupon become a well-known phrase used to encourage old people to be promising and enterprising.

曹植（192—232），字子建，三國(guó)時(shí)期魏國(guó)的杰出詩(shī)人，是著名政治家、軍事家曹操的第三個(gè)兒子。

曹植自幼聰慧，深得曹操喜愛，十幾歲時(shí)就已精通詩(shī)文，出口成章。因?yàn)槭芗彝サ挠绊?，曹植有?qiáng)烈的功名事業(yè)心。不幸的是，他在與其兄曹丕爭(zhēng)奪太子之位的斗爭(zhēng)中失敗了，這一失敗決定了他的后半生必將在郁悶與悲憤中度過。曹操死后，曹丕廢漢帝而自立為魏文帝，他對(duì)曹植處處限制，嚴(yán)酷打擊，這種狀況持續(xù)到曹丕死后都沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。所以，曹植的一生，以曹丕即位為界分成截然不同的兩個(gè)時(shí)期：前一個(gè)時(shí)期，他雄心勃勃，奮發(fā)向上；后一個(gè)時(shí)期，他郁郁寡歡，憤怒而又無(wú)奈。

盡管一生曲折多艱，但曹植勤于著述，成果頗豐，詩(shī)、賦、散文，都有出色的作品留世，其數(shù)量和質(zhì)量，都達(dá)到了當(dāng)時(shí)文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的最高峰。他的詩(shī)文，感情真摯強(qiáng)烈，用詞華麗生動(dòng)，內(nèi)容豐富多彩，比喻巧妙形象。曹植是建安文學(xué)的集大成者，對(duì)后世文學(xué)發(fā)展有重要影響。他40歲英年早逝，但詩(shī)文卻流傳千古。

Cao Zhi（192-232），whose courtesy name was Zijian，was an outstanding poet of Wei，one of the Three Kingdoms．He was the third son of the famous politician and strategist Cao Cao.

Cao Zhi had been intelligent since childhood and had a good command of literature when he was a teenager．Cao Cao liked him very much．Influenced by his family，Cao Zhi had a strong desire to seek fame and make achievements．But unfortunately，he was defeated by his elder brother Cao Pi in their scramble for crown prince，which made him spend the rest of his life in depression，grief and indignation．After Cao Cao’s death，Cao Pi dethroned the emperor of the Han Dynasty and he himself came to the throne as Emperor Wen of Wei．Cao Pi imposed restrictions on Cao Zhi in all respects and struck various blows at him，and this state of affairs continued even after Cao Pi died．Cao Zhi’s life was divided into two completely different periods by Cao Pi’s ascending the throne．He was very ambitious and enterprising in his early days but depressed，indignant and helpless in his later period.

Although his life was one of frustrations，Cao Zhi was diligent in writing and was a prolific author．His splendid poems，fu，and prose reached the summit of literary composition at that time，both in quantity and in quality．His feelings in his literary works are sincere and his poems are rich in content and vivid in metaphors．Cao Zhi synthesized the literary achievements during the Jian’an period，making a strong impact on the development of the literature of later generations．Cao Zhi died young at only forty，but his literary works have been handed down over the ages.

七步詩(shī)^（1）

〇曹植

煮豆燃豆萁^（2），

豆在釜中泣^（3）。

本是同根生，

相煎何太急^（4）！

【注釋】

(1) 七步詩(shī)：據(jù)《世說新語(yǔ)》一書記載，曹丕即位后，想害死曹植。一日，他命曹植在走完七步的時(shí)間內(nèi)做成一首詩(shī)，否則就殺頭。曹植在無(wú)比憤恨之中，以燒豆萁（豆科植物的莖）煮豆子為比喻，怒斥曹丕殘害親生兄弟的行徑，故稱“七步詩(shī)”。

(2) 煮豆燃豆萁：豆萁（qí）：即豆秸（jiē），豆類植物的莖稈。本句指鍋下用豆萁作為燃料燒火，鍋里用水煮豆子。

(3) 豆在釜中泣：釜（fǔ）：一種鍋。本句指豆子在鍋中哭泣，這是一種擬人手法。

(4) 本是同根生，相煎何太急：豆子與豆萁本是從同一個(gè)根中生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的，為什么現(xiàn)在豆萁要用烈火煎熬豆子，非要置它于死地不可呢？

A Poem Written While Taking Seven Paces

by Cao Zhi

Beanstalks burned to cook peas，

The peas weep in the pot.

Grown from same root，O please，

Why should you burn us hot？

【賞析】

這首小詩(shī)用淺顯生動(dòng)的比喻，揭露了骨肉間相互迫害殘殺的卑劣行徑。燒豆稈煮豆子是人們常見的現(xiàn)象，聰明的作者正是抓住了這一點(diǎn)來(lái)作比。他把曹丕與自己分別比作豆稈與豆子，指出本是同根生的親兄弟，就應(yīng)該血肉相連、生死與共；然而現(xiàn)在曹丕不僅毫無(wú)兄弟之情、關(guān)愛之心，反而嫉賢妒能、打擊迫害，其手段之狠毒、方法之卑劣令人發(fā)指。曹植在“七步成詩(shī)，否則處死”的處境下，面對(duì)已經(jīng)成為皇帝的親哥哥，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)積蓄在心中的滿腔悲憤如今噴涌而出，化作“本是同根生，相煎何太急”這鏗鏘有力又不失含蓄的詩(shī)句。這首詩(shī)并沒有怒罵與詛咒，只有發(fā)自肺腑的反問，令作惡者無(wú)地自容。據(jù)說，曹丕因此未敢對(duì)曹植下手。

然而，歷史上這樣兄弟間反目成仇、互相殺戮（lù）的悲劇又何止這一起。小到家庭，大到民族、國(guó)家與全人類，手足相殘的悲劇難計(jì)其數(shù)。正因?yàn)槿藗兺春捱@種行徑，又因?yàn)檫@首小詩(shī)出自親身經(jīng)歷者之口，比喻貼切，批判巧妙，所以“七步詩(shī)”成為千百年來(lái)人們熟悉且喜愛的詩(shī)歌。1941年1月17日，震驚中外的“皖南事變”發(fā)生后，重慶《新華日?qǐng)?bào)》大字刊登了周恩來(lái)寫的“千古奇冤，江南一葉，同室操戈，相煎何急??？”一詩(shī)，用以揭露國(guó)民黨槍口對(duì)內(nèi)的反動(dòng)罪行，其中引用的是這首“七步詩(shī)”的典故。

Interpretation

With a plain and vivid metaphor，this poem exposes the dishonorable fratricidal behavior．Burning beanstalks to cook beans is a common scene，but the clever poet made use of it to form an analogy．Likening his brother Cao Pi and himself to beanstalks and beans respectively，he pointed out that blood brothers should be as close as flesh and blood and share a common destiny．But Cao Pi who was envious of his younger brother’s ability retaliated and persecuted the latter without the slightest brotherly affection．His vicious tricks and mean methods make us bristle with anger．Cao Zhi was ordered to compose a poem within seven paces，otherwise he would be executed．In face of his brother who was now the emperor，Cao Zhi was filled with grief and indignation，which gushed out and turned into meaningful，rhythmic and forceful lines.“Grown from same root，O please，/Why should you burn us hot？”Here without any curse，the rhetorical question straight from his heart made the evil doer feel too ashamed to show his face．Cao Pi，therefore，did not dare to lay murderous hands on Cao Zhi.

However，fratricidal tragedies within a family，nationality，nation and mankind have been innumerable．As people detest the kind of act described in this poem，this Seven-Pace Song，showing the poet’s personal experience with an appropriate metaphor and clever criticism，has been known to all and loved by people through the ages．On January 17，1941，after the occurrence of the “South Anhui Slaughter”which shocked the country and the whole world，Xinhua Daily in Chongqing published in large-size characters a poem by Zhou Enlai，“An unexpected injustice throughout the ages，was what had happened in the South．Members of one family drew swords on each other，why brothers bitter against each other！？”exposing the Kuomintang’s reactionary crime of internal strife．The literary quotation used here came from this Seven-Pace Song.